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Copper vs Sodium

Copper
Sodium
Sodium vs Copper


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cu  
-  
Group Number
11  
7
1  
17
Period Number
4  
3  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkali  
CAS Number
7440508  
37
7440235  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
  • At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
  • The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
  
Sources
Found in Minerals  
By Electrolysis Process, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Humphry Davy  
Discovery
In Middle East (9000 BCE)  
In 1807  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
13
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
12
0.00 %  
6
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %  
13
0.55 %  
6
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
17
2.30 %  
5
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
8
1.10 %  
1
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
10
0.14 %  
4
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
  • In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
  • Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
8
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
1
In Bone
26.00 p.p.m.  
12
10,000.00 p.p.m.  
2
Physical
Melting Point
1,084.62 °C  
40
97.72 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C  
99+
883.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Copper  
Silvery White  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00  
13
0.50  
24
Brinell Hardness
235.00 MPa  
99+
0.69 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
343.00 MPa  
99+
0.69 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s  
26
3,200.00 m/s  
35
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.10  
99+
1.33  
99+
Reflectivity
90.00 %  
4
53.00 %  
28
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cu  
-  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
17  
22
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90  
12
0.93  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98  
11
0.56  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75  
4
1.01  
36
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.49  
27
0.91  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.85  
12
0.87  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10  
99+
3.07  
6
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
22
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,957.90 kJ/mol  
15
4,562.00 kJ/mol  
4
3rd Energy Level
3,555.00 kJ/mol  
15
6,910.30 kJ/mol  
6
4th Energy Level
5,536.00 kJ/mol  
21
9,543.00 kJ/mol  
5
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
13,354.00 kJ/mol  
4
6th Energy Level
9,900.00 kJ/mol  
16
16,613.00 kJ/mol  
4
7th Energy level
13,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
20,117.00 kJ/mol  
4
8th Energy Level
16,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
25,496.00 kJ/mol  
4
9th Energy Level
19,200.00 kJ/mol  
9
28,932.00 kJ/mol  
4
10th Energy Level
22,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
141,362.00 kJ/mol  
2
11th Energy Level
25,600.00 kJ/mol  
13
159,076.00 kJ/mol  
2
12th Energy Level
35,600.00 kJ/mol  
27
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
38,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
42,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
46,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
49,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
50,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
49,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
53,700.00 kJ/mol  
12
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
61,100.00 kJ/mol  
10
4,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
64,702.00 kJ/mol  
11
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
163,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
496.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
174,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
184,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
495.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
198,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
496.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
18
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
24
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
25
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.19 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.86 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.65 eV  
16
2.75 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
29  
99+
11  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s1  
[Ne] 3s1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
29  
99+
11  
99+
Number of Neutrons
35  
99+
12  
99+
Number of Electrons
29  
99+
11  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
186.00 pm  
11
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
166.00 pm  
29
Van der Waals Radius
140.00 pm  
99+
227.00 pm  
26
Atomic Weight
63.55 amu  
99+
22.99 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
23.70 cm3/mol  
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Nickel
  
Beryllium
  
Next Element
Zinc
  
Magnesium
  
Valence Electron Potential
34.00 (-eV)  
99+
14.10 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
361.49 pm  
39
429.06 pm  
22
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.28  
99+
1.01  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.96 g/cm3  
99+
0.97 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.02 g/cm3  
99+
0.93 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
210.00 MPa  
19
10.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
5
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.53 (Pa)  
8
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
48.00 GPa  
15
3.30 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
140.00 GPa  
12
6.30 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
120.00 GPa  
19
10.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.89  
99+
0.97  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
19
0.00 H/m  
6
Susceptibility
0.00  
31
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
16.78 nΩ·m  
99+
47.70 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.60 106/cm Ω  
2
0.21 106/cm Ω  
9
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
52.80 kJ/mol  
24
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.38 J/(kg K)  
15
1.23 J/(kg K)  
3
Molar Heat Capacity
24.44 J/mol·K  
99+
28.23 J/mol·K  
13
Thermal Conductivity
401.00 W/m·K  
2
142.00 W/m·K  
11
Critical Temperature
1,358.00 K  
99+
2,573.00 K  
10
Thermal Expansion
16.50 µm/(m·K)  
27
71.00 µm/(m·K)  
4
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
283.70 kJ/mol  
99+
89.04 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.11 kJ/mol  
99+
2.59 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
338.90 kJ/mol  
39
108.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
33.20 J/mol.K  
99+
51.30 J/mol.K  
39
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