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Sodium vs Mercury

Sodium
Mercury
Mercury vs Sodium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Na   
Hg   
Group Number
1   
17
12   
6
Period Number
3   
6   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkali   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440235   
99+
7439976   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
R_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
166.00   
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
  • The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
  
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Mining   
Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy   
Ancient Chinese and Indians   
Discovery
In 1807   
Before 2000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-3 %   
6
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.004 %   
6
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.55 %   
6
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.30 %   
5
0.05 %   
9
Abundance In Oceans
1.10 %   
1
Not Available   
Abundance In Humans
0.14 %   
3
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
  • Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
  
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Dentistry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
1
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
23
In Bone
10,000.00 p.p.m.   
2
0.45 p.p.m.   
19
Physical Properties
Melting Point
97.72 °C   
99+
Not Available   
Boiling Point
883.00 °C   
99+
356.58 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Liquid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.50   
22
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
0.69 MPa   
99+
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
3,200.00 m/s   
24
1,451.40 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.00   
3
Reflectivity
Not Available   
73.00 %   
8
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Na   
Hg   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
17   
22
34   
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.93   
99+
2.00   
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.56   
30
2.20   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.01   
35
1.44   
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.91   
21
1.81   
9
Allen Electronegativity
0.87   
99+
1.44   
30
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.07   
6
2.00   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol   
4
2nd Energy Level
4,562.00 kJ/mol   
4
1,810.00 kJ/mol   
20
3rd Energy Level
6,910.30 kJ/mol   
6
3,300.00 kJ/mol   
20
4th Energy Level
9,543.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   
5th Energy Level
13,354.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   
6th Energy Level
16,613.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   
7th Energy level
20,117.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   
8th Energy Level
25,496.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   
9th Energy Level
28,932.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   
10th Energy Level
141,362.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   
11th Energy Level
159,076.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.86 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.74 g/amp-hr   
10
Electron Work Function
2.75 eV   
40
4.49 eV   
15
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
11   
99+
80   
36
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
11   
99+
80   
36
Number of Neutrons
12   
99+
121   
22
Number of Electrons
11   
99+
80   
36
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm   
9
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
166.00 pm   
27
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
227.00 pm   
21
155.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
22.99 amu   
99+
200.59 amu   
32
Atomic Volume
23.70 cm3/mol   
10
14.82 cm3/mol   
35
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Beryllium
  
Gold
  
Next Element
Magnesium
  
Thallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
14.10 (-eV)   
99+
28.20 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
429.06 pm   
19
300.50 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.97 g/cm3   
99+
13.53 g/cm3   
24
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.93 g/cm3   
99+
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
0.00   
1
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
3.30 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
6.30 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
10.00 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.97   
99+
13.53   
16
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
47.70 nΩ·m   
99+
961.00 nΩ·m   
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω   
9
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
52.80 kJ/mol   
19
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.23 J/(kg K)   
3
0.14 J/(kg K)   
38
Molar Heat Capacity
28.23 J/mol·K   
10
27.98 J/mol·K   
13
Thermal Conductivity
142.00 W/m·K   
11
8.30 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
2,573.00 K   
2
1,750.00 K   
6
Thermal Expansion
71.00 µm/(m·K)   
4
60.40 µm/(m·K)   
5
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
89.04 kJ/mol   
99+
56.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.59 kJ/mol   
99+
2.29 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
108.40 kJ/mol   
99+
61.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.30 J/mol.K   
28
75.80 J/mol.K   
6
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