Sodium vs Mercury
Periodic Table
Symbol
Na
Hg
Group Number
1
17
12
6
Period Number
3
6
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkali
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440235
99+
7439976
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
R_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
166.00
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
- At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
- The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
- At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
- A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
- Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Mining
Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy
Ancient Chinese and Indians
Discovery
In 1807
Before 2000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-3 %
6
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.004 %
6
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.55 %
6
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.30 %
5
0.05 %
9
Abundance In Oceans
1.10 %
1
Not Available
Abundance In Humans
0.14 %
3
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
- Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
- It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
- It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Dentistry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3
1
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
23
In Bone
10,000.00 p.p.m.
2
0.45 p.p.m.
19
Physical Properties
Melting Point
97.72 °C
99+
Not Available
Boiling Point
883.00 °C
99+
356.58 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Liquid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.50
22
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
0.69 MPa
99+
Not Available
Speed of Sound
3,200.00 m/s
24
1,451.40 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
Not Available
1.00
3
Reflectivity
Not Available
73.00 %
8
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Na
Hg
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
17
22
34
5
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.93
99+
2.00
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.56
30
2.20
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.01
35
1.44
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.91
21
1.81
9
Allen Electronegativity
0.87
99+
1.44
30
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.07
6
2.00
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol
4
2nd Energy Level
4,562.00 kJ/mol
4
1,810.00 kJ/mol
20
3rd Energy Level
6,910.30 kJ/mol
6
3,300.00 kJ/mol
20
4th Energy Level
9,543.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
5th Energy Level
13,354.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
6th Energy Level
16,613.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
7th Energy level
20,117.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
8th Energy Level
25,496.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
9th Energy Level
28,932.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
10th Energy Level
141,362.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
11th Energy Level
159,076.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.86 g/amp-hr
99+
3.74 g/amp-hr
10
Electron Work Function
2.75 eV
40
4.49 eV
15
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
11
99+
80
36
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s1
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
11
99+
80
36
Number of Neutrons
12
99+
121
22
Number of Electrons
11
99+
80
36
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm
9
151.00 pm
32
Covalent Radius
166.00 pm
27
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
227.00 pm
21
155.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
22.99 amu
99+
200.59 amu
32
Atomic Volume
23.70 cm3/mol
10
14.82 cm3/mol
35
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
14.10 (-eV)
99+
28.20 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
429.06 pm
19
300.50 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
0.97 g/cm3
99+
13.53 g/cm3
24
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.93 g/cm3
99+
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
0.00
1
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
3.30 GPa
99+
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
6.30 GPa
99+
Not Available
Young's Modulus
10.00 GPa
99+
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
0.97
99+
13.53
16
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
47.70 nΩ·m
99+
961.00 nΩ·m
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω
9
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
52.80 kJ/mol
19
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.23 J/(kg K)
3
0.14 J/(kg K)
38
Molar Heat Capacity
28.23 J/mol·K
10
27.98 J/mol·K
13
Thermal Conductivity
142.00 W/m·K
11
8.30 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
2,573.00 K
2
1,750.00 K
6
Thermal Expansion
71.00 µm/(m·K)
4
60.40 µm/(m·K)
5
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
89.04 kJ/mol
99+
56.90 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.59 kJ/mol
99+
2.29 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
108.40 kJ/mol
99+
61.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.30 J/mol.K
28
75.80 J/mol.K
6
|
||
|
||
|
