Gold vs Tin
Periodic Table
Symbol
Au
Sn
Group Number
11
7
14
4
Period Number
6
5
Block
d block
p block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440575
31
7440315
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
I41/amd
Space Group Number
225.00
2
141.00
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
- It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
- It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
- Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE
Before 3500 BC
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %
26
4 * 10-7 %
20
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.0000009 %
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
34
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
21
0.00 %
26
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
18
0.00 %
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
- It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
- Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Dentistry
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
35
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
10
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.
30
1.40 p.p.m.
16
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C
99+
231.90 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C
36
2,270.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gold
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
1.50
18
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa
99+
50.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa
31
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s
99+
2,730.00 m/s
32
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
95.00 %
2
Not Available
Allotropes
No
Yes
α Allotropes
Not Available
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
β Allotropes
Not Available
White Tin (Beta Tin)
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Au
Sn
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
36
3
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54
1
1.96
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.49
15
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42
18
1.72
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87
7
2.21
3
Allen Electronegativity
1.92
5
1.82
11
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46
99+
2.04
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol
8
708.60 kJ/mol
33
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol
12
1,411.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
2,943.00 kJ/mol
30
4th Energy Level
Not Available
3,930.30 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,456.00 kJ/mol
13
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr
21
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV
4
4.42 eV
16
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
79
37
50
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Tetragonal (TETR)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
79
37
50
99+
Number of Neutrons
118
23
69
99+
Number of Electrons
79
37
50
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm
32
140.00 pm
38
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm
40
139.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm
39
217.00 pm
23
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu
33
118.71 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol
99+
16.30 cm3/mol
32
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)
99+
83.50 (-eV)
14
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm
21
583.18 pm
7
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61
4
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3
15
7.37 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3
6
6.99 g/cm3
34
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa
15
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
23
0.00 (Pa)
17
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)
4
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa
27
18.00 GPa
36
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa
9
58.00 GPa
20
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa
24
50.00 GPa
36
Poisson Ratio
0.40
4
0.36
8
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
19.32
8
7.31
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Superconductor
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m
99+
115.00 nΩ·m
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω
3
0.09 106/cm Ω
23
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol
1
107.30 kJ/mol
8
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.23 J/(kg K)
28
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K
40
27.11 J/mol·K
20
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K
3
66.80 W/m·K
25
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)
26
22.00 µm/(m·K)
20
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol
27
290.40 kJ/mol
32
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol
27
7.03 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol
25
301.30 kJ/mol
35
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K
32
51.20 J/mol.K
29
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