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Gold vs Tin

Gold
Tin
Tin vs Gold


Periodic Table
Symbol
Au  
Sn  
Group Number
11  
7
14  
4
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440575  
31
7440315  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
I41/amd  
Space Group Number
225.00  
2
141.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE  
Before 3500 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %  
26
4 * 10-7 %  
20
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %  
26
~0.0000009 %  
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Dentistry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
NA  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
35
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3  
10
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.  
30
1.40 p.p.m.  
16
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C  
99+
231.90 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C  
36
2,270.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gold  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
14
1.50  
18
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa  
99+
50.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa  
31
Not Available  
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
2,730.00 m/s  
32
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
95.00 %  
2
Not Available  
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
White Tin (Beta Tin)  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Au  
Sn  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54  
1
1.96  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.49  
15
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
18
1.72  
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87  
7
2.21  
3
Allen Electronegativity
1.92  
5
1.82  
11
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46  
99+
2.04  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
1,411.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available  
2,943.00 kJ/mol  
30
4th Energy Level
Not Available  
3,930.30 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available  
7,456.00 kJ/mol  
13
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr  
21
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV  
4
4.42 eV  
16
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
79  
37
50  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
79  
37
50  
99+
Number of Neutrons
118  
23
69  
99+
Number of Electrons
79  
37
50  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
32
140.00 pm  
38
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm  
40
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm  
39
217.00 pm  
23
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu  
33
118.71 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
16.30 cm3/mol  
32
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Platinum
  
Indium
  
Next Element
Mercury
  
Cesium
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
83.50 (-eV)  
14
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm  
21
583.18 pm  
7
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
4
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3  
15
7.37 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3  
6
6.99 g/cm3  
34
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
15
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
23
0.00 (Pa)  
17
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)  
4
Not Available  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
27
18.00 GPa  
36
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
58.00 GPa  
20
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa  
24
50.00 GPa  
36
Poisson Ratio
0.40  
4
0.36  
8
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.32  
8
7.31  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
115.00 nΩ·m  
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
0.09 106/cm Ω  
23
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
107.30 kJ/mol  
8
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
39
0.23 J/(kg K)  
28
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K  
40
27.11 J/mol·K  
20
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K  
3
66.80 W/m·K  
25
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
26
22.00 µm/(m·K)  
20
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol  
27
290.40 kJ/mol  
32
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol  
27
7.03 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol  
25
301.30 kJ/mol  
35
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K  
32
51.20 J/mol.K  
29
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