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Tin vs Copper

Tin
Copper
Copper vs Tin


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn   
Cu   
Group Number
14   
4
11   
7
Period Number
5   
4   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440315   
99+
7440508   
37
Space Group Name
I41/amd   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
141.00   
7
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Minerals   
History
  
  
Discovery
Before 3500 BC   
In Middle East (9000 BCE)   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %   
20
6 * 10-6 %   
12
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %   
19
~0.00007 %   
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
24
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
34
0.01 %   
17
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
26
0.00 %   
8
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
13
0.00 %   
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3   
10
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
8
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.   
16
26.00 p.p.m.   
12
Physical Properties
Melting Point
231.90 °C   
99+
1,084.62 °C   
40
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C   
99+
2,562.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Copper   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa   
99+
235.00 MPa   
38
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
343.00 MPa   
28
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s   
32
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
90.00 %   
3
Allotropes
Yes   
No   
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sn   
Cu   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96   
8
1.90   
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49   
15
1.98   
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72   
4
1.75   
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21   
3
1.49   
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.82   
11
1.85   
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04   
99+
2.10   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol   
33
745.50 kJ/mol   
22
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,957.90 kJ/mol   
15
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol   
30
3,555.00 kJ/mol   
15
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol   
99+
5,536.00 kJ/mol   
12
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol   
13
7,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
7th Energy level
Not Available   
13,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,200.00 kJ/mol   
9
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,600.00 kJ/mol   
13
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
35,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
46,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
50,200.00 kJ/mol   
10
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
53,700.00 kJ/mol   
12
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
61,100.00 kJ/mol   
10
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
64,702.00 kJ/mol   
11
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
163,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
174,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
184,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
198,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.19 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV   
16
4.65 eV   
11
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
50   
99+
29   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2   
[Ar] 3d10 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
50   
99+
29   
99+
Number of Neutrons
69   
99+
35   
99+
Number of Electrons
50   
99+
29   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm   
38
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm   
23
140.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu   
99+
63.55 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol   
32
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Indium
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Cesium
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)   
14
34.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm   
7
361.49 pm   
35
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3   
99+
8.96 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3   
34
8.02 g/cm3   
27
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
17
1.53 (Pa)   
8
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa   
36
48.00 GPa   
15
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa   
20
140.00 GPa   
12
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa   
36
120.00 GPa   
17
Poisson Ratio
0.36   
8
0.34   
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31   
99+
8.89   
34
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m   
5
Susceptibility
Not Available   
-9.63 * 10-6   
4
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m   
28
16.78 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω   
23
0.60 106/cm Ω   
2
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol   
8
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
28
0.38 J/(kg K)   
15
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K   
20
24.44 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K   
25
401.00 W/m·K   
2
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)   
20
16.50 µm/(m·K)   
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol   
32
283.70 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol   
99+
7.11 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol   
35
338.90 kJ/mol   
29
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K   
29
33.20 J/mol.K   
99+
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