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Tin vs Copper

Tin
Copper
Copper vs Tin


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn  
Cu  
Group Number
14  
4
11  
7
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440315  
99+
7440508  
37
Space Group Name
I41/amd  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
141.00  
10
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
-  
Discovery
Before 3500 BC  
In Middle East (9000 BCE)  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
24
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
34
0.01 %  
17
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3  
10
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
8
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.  
17
26.00 p.p.m.  
12
Physical
Melting Point
231.90 °C  
99+
1,084.62 °C  
40
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C  
99+
2,562.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Copper  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
3.00  
13
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa  
99+
235.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
50.00 MPa  
99+
343.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s  
99+
3,810.00 m/s  
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
1.10  
99+
Reflectivity
51.00 %  
30
90.00 %  
4
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)  
-  
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)  
-  
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Sn  
Cu  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96  
9
1.90  
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49  
19
1.98  
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72  
5
1.75  
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21  
5
1.49  
27
Allen Electronegativity
1.82  
14
1.85  
12
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04  
99+
2.10  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
745.50 kJ/mol  
22
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,957.90 kJ/mol  
15
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol  
30
3,555.00 kJ/mol  
15
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol  
99+
5,536.00 kJ/mol  
21
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol  
21
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
6th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,900.00 kJ/mol  
16
7th Energy level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
39
13,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
8th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
35
16,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
9th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
32
19,200.00 kJ/mol  
9
10th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
36
22,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
11th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
34
25,600.00 kJ/mol  
13
12th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
35,600.00 kJ/mol  
27
13th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
31
38,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
14th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
42,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
15th Energy Level
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
27
46,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
50,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
53,700.00 kJ/mol  
12
18th Energy Level
7,086.00 kJ/mol  
33
61,100.00 kJ/mol  
10
19th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
39
64,702.00 kJ/mol  
11
20th Energy Level
708.00 kJ/mol  
33
163,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
21st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
174,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
22nd Energy Level
708.00 kJ/mol  
27
184,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
23rd Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
198,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
24th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
26
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
25th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
28
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
26th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
27th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
745.50 kJ/mol  
18
28th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
32
745.50 kJ/mol  
24
29th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
745.50 kJ/mol  
25
30th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.19 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV  
22
4.65 eV  
16
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
50  
99+
29  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2  
[Ar] 3d10 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
50  
99+
29  
99+
Number of Neutrons
69  
99+
35  
99+
Number of Electrons
50  
99+
29  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm  
40
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm  
29
140.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu  
99+
63.55 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol  
99+
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Indium
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Cesium
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)  
14
34.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm  
7
361.49 pm  
39
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
0.68  
99+
1.28  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3  
99+
8.96 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3  
99+
8.02 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
15.00 MPa  
99+
210.00 MPa  
19
Viscosity
0.00  
15
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
18
1.53 (Pa)  
8
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa  
99+
48.00 GPa  
15
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa  
21
140.00 GPa  
12
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa  
39
120.00 GPa  
19
Poisson Ratio
0.36  
8
0.34  
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31  
99+
8.89  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
19
Susceptibility
0.00  
30
0.00  
31
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m  
28
16.78 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω  
28
0.60 106/cm Ω  
2
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol  
9
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
28
0.38 J/(kg K)  
15
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K  
26
24.44 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K  
25
401.00 W/m·K  
2
Critical Temperature
505.00 K  
99+
1,358.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)  
21
16.50 µm/(m·K)  
27
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol  
99+
283.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol  
99+
7.11 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol  
99+
338.90 kJ/mol  
39
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K  
40
33.20 J/mol.K  
99+
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