Symbol
Cu
  
Sn
  
Period Number
4
  
5
  
Block
d block
  
p block
  
Element Family
Transition Metal
  
Post-Transition
  
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
  
I41/amd
  
Interesting Facts
- Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
- Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals
  
Found in Minerals, Mining
  
History
  
  
Discovery
In Middle East (9000 BCE)
  
Before 3500 BC
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %
  
19
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Uses & Benefits
- It is use for coinage and bullion.
- Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
-
Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
  
Medical Uses
NA
  
Dentistry
  
Other Uses
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery
  
NA
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic
  
Non Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
Yes
  
In Blood
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3
  
8
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
  
10
In Bone
26.00 p.p.m.
  
12
1.40 p.p.m.
  
16
Melting Point
1,084.62 °C
  
40
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C
  
99+
2,270.00 °C
  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Copper
  
Silvery White
  
Luster
NA
  
NA
  
Hardness
  
  
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s
  
19
2,730.00 m/s
  
32
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available
  
Allotropes
No
  
Yes
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
White Tin (Beta Tin)
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
  
Chemical Formula
Cu
  
Sn
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol
  
22
708.60 kJ/mol
  
33
2nd Energy Level
1,957.90 kJ/mol
  
15
1,411.80 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,555.00 kJ/mol
  
15
2,943.00 kJ/mol
  
30
4th Energy Level
5,536.00 kJ/mol
  
12
3,930.30 kJ/mol
  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol
  
11
7,456.00 kJ/mol
  
13
6th Energy Level
9,900.00 kJ/mol
  
10
Not Available
  
7th Energy level
13,400.00 kJ/mol
  
7
Not Available
  
8th Energy Level
16,000.00 kJ/mol
  
9
Not Available
  
9th Energy Level
19,200.00 kJ/mol
  
9
Not Available
  
10th Energy Level
22,400.00 kJ/mol
  
11
Not Available
  
11th Energy Level
25,600.00 kJ/mol
  
13
Not Available
  
12th Energy Level
35,600.00 kJ/mol
  
6
Not Available
  
13th Energy Level
38,700.00 kJ/mol
  
6
Not Available
  
14th Energy Level
42,000.00 kJ/mol
  
7
Not Available
  
15th Energy Level
46,700.00 kJ/mol
  
9
Not Available
  
16th Energy Level
50,200.00 kJ/mol
  
10
Not Available
  
17th Energy Level
53,700.00 kJ/mol
  
12
Not Available
  
18th Energy Level
61,100.00 kJ/mol
  
10
Not Available
  
19th Energy Level
64,702.00 kJ/mol
  
11
Not Available
  
20th Energy Level
163,700.00 kJ/mol
  
2
Not Available
  
21st Energy Level
174,100.00 kJ/mol
  
2
Not Available
  
22nd Energy Level
184,900.00 kJ/mol
  
1
Not Available
  
23rd Energy Level
198,800.00 kJ/mol
  
1
Not Available
  
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.19 g/amp-hr
  
99+
1.11 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
  
Ionization, Solubility
  
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
  
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
  
Tetragonal (TETR)
  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100
  
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol
  
99+
16.30 cm3/mol
  
32
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
34.00 (-eV)
  
99+
83.50 (-eV)
  
14
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.96 g/cm
3
  
99+
7.37 g/cm
3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
  
Ductile, Malleable
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
  
Diamagnetic
  
Permeability
1.256629 * 10
-6 H/m
  
5
Not Available
  
Susceptibility
-9.63 * 10
-6
  
4
Not Available
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor
  
Superconductor
  
Resistivity
16.78 nΩ·m
  
99+
115.00 nΩ·m
  
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.60 10
6/cm Ω
  
2
0.09 10
6/cm Ω
  
23
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol
  
1
107.30 kJ/mol
  
8
Specific Heat
0.38 J/(kg K)
  
15
0.23 J/(kg K)
  
28
Molar Heat Capacity
24.44 J/mol·K
  
99+
27.11 J/mol·K
  
20
Thermal Conductivity
401.00 W/m·K
  
2
66.80 W/m·K
  
25
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
16.50 µm/(m·K)
  
25
22.00 µm/(m·K)
  
20
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
283.70 kJ/mol
  
33
290.40 kJ/mol
  
32
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.11 kJ/mol
  
99+
7.03 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
338.90 kJ/mol
  
29
301.30 kJ/mol
  
35
Standard Molar Entropy
33.20 J/mol.K
  
99+
51.20 J/mol.K
  
29