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Tin vs Palladium

Tin
Palladium
Palladium vs Tin


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn  
Pd  
Group Number
14  
4
10  
8
Period Number
5  
5  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440315  
99+
7440053  
99+
Space Group Name
I41/amd  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
141.00  
10
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
William Hyde Wollaston  
Discovery
Before 3500 BC  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
26
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
-  
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3  
10
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.  
17
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
231.90 °C  
99+
1,554.90 °C  
22
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C  
99+
2,963.00 °C  
34
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
4.75  
9
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa  
99+
320.00 MPa  
40
Vickers Hardness
50.00 MPa  
99+
121.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s  
99+
3,070.00 m/s  
38
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
1.72  
25
Reflectivity
51.00 %  
30
84.00 %  
5
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)  
-  
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)  
-  
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Sn  
Pd  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
38  
1
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96  
9
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49  
19
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72  
5
1.35  
22
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21  
5
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.82  
14
1.59  
25
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04  
99+
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
520.23 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol  
99+
7,298.22 kJ/mol  
2
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol  
30
11,815.13 kJ/mol  
3
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol  
21
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
13
6th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
33
7th Energy level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
39
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
8th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
35
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
9th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
32
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
24
10th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
36
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
28
11th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
34
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
12th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
31
5,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
27
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
16th Energy Level
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
33
18th Energy Level
7,086.00 kJ/mol  
33
8,045.00 kJ/mol  
22
19th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
39
804.40 kJ/mol  
30
20th Energy Level
708.00 kJ/mol  
33
804.00 kJ/mol  
23
21st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
708.00 kJ/mol  
27
804.00 kJ/mol  
18
23rd Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
26
804.40 kJ/mol  
14
25th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
28
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
26th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
27th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
804.40 kJ/mol  
11
28th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
32
804.40 kJ/mol  
17
29th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
804.40 kJ/mol  
16
30th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
804.00 kJ/mol  
12
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.99 g/amp-hr  
34
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV  
22
5.12 eV  
7
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
50  
99+
46  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2  
[Kr] 4d10  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
50  
99+
46  
99+
Number of Neutrons
69  
99+
60  
99+
Number of Electrons
50  
99+
46  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm  
40
137.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm  
29
163.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu  
99+
106.42 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol  
99+
8.90 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Indium
  
Rhodium
  
Next Element
Cesium
  
Silver
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)  
14
33.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm  
7
389.07 pm  
28
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
0.68  
99+
1.56  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3  
99+
12.02 g/cm3  
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3  
99+
10.38 g/cm3  
38
Tensile Strength
15.00 MPa  
99+
550.00 MPa  
8
Viscosity
0.00  
15
0.00  
14
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
18
0.00 (Pa)  
29
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa  
99+
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa  
21
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa  
39
121.00 GPa  
18
Poisson Ratio
0.36  
8
0.39  
5
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31  
99+
12.02  
33
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
18
Susceptibility
0.00  
30
0.00  
27
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m  
28
105.40 nΩ·m  
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω  
28
0.10 106/cm Ω  
27
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol  
9
54.23 kJ/mol  
21
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
28
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K  
26
25.98 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K  
25
71.80 W/m·K  
23
Critical Temperature
505.00 K  
99+
1,825.00 K  
26
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)  
21
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol  
99+
376.60 kJ/mol  
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol  
99+
16.74 kJ/mol  
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol  
99+
393.30 kJ/mol  
29
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K  
40
37.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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