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Palladium vs Tin

Palladium
Tin
Tin vs Palladium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pd  
Sn  
Group Number
10  
8
14  
4
Period Number
5  
5  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440053  
99+
7440315  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
I41/amd  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
141.00  
10
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
Sources
Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston  
-  
Discovery
In 1803  
Before 3500 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Dentistry  
Other Uses
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3  
10
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
1.40 p.p.m.  
17
Physical
Melting Point
1,554.90 °C  
22
231.90 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,963.00 °C  
34
2,270.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.75  
9
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
320.00 MPa  
40
50.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
121.00 MPa  
99+
50.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,070.00 m/s  
38
2,730.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.72  
25
2.40  
7
Reflectivity
84.00 %  
5
51.00 %  
30
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)  
β Allotropes
-  
White Tin (Beta Tin)  
γ Allotropes
-  
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pd  
Sn  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
38  
1
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
1.96  
9
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.49  
19
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.35  
22
1.72  
5
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
2.21  
5
Allen Electronegativity
1.59  
25
1.82  
14
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
2.04  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.23 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
2nd Energy Level
7,298.22 kJ/mol  
2
1,411.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
11,815.13 kJ/mol  
3
2,943.00 kJ/mol  
30
4th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,930.30 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
13
7,456.00 kJ/mol  
21
6th Energy Level
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
33
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
39
8th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
35
9th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
24
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
32
10th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
28
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
36
11th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
34
12th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
31
14th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
27
16th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
17th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
33
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
8,045.00 kJ/mol  
22
7,086.00 kJ/mol  
33
19th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
30
708.60 kJ/mol  
39
20th Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
23
708.00 kJ/mol  
33
21st Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
18
708.00 kJ/mol  
27
23rd Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
14
708.60 kJ/mol  
26
25th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
708.60 kJ/mol  
28
26th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
27th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
11
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
28th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
17
708.60 kJ/mol  
32
29th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
16
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
30th Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
12
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.99 g/amp-hr  
34
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.12 eV  
7
4.42 eV  
22
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
46  
99+
50  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10  
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100  
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
46  
99+
50  
99+
Number of Neutrons
60  
99+
69  
99+
Number of Electrons
46  
99+
50  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm  
99+
140.00 pm  
40
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm  
99+
217.00 pm  
29
Atomic Weight
106.42 amu  
99+
118.71 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.90 cm3/mol  
99+
16.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhodium
  
Indium
  
Next Element
Silver
  
Cesium
  
Valence Electron Potential
33.00 (-eV)  
99+
83.50 (-eV)  
14
Lattice Constant
389.07 pm  
28
583.18 pm  
7
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.56  
99+
0.68  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.02 g/cm3  
31
7.37 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.38 g/cm3  
38
6.99 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
550.00 MPa  
8
15.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
14
0.00  
15
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
29
0.00 (Pa)  
18
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
38
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa  
17
18.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
58.00 GPa  
21
Young's Modulus
121.00 GPa  
18
50.00 GPa  
39
Poisson Ratio
0.39  
5
0.36  
8
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.02  
33
7.31  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
18
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
27
0.00  
30
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
105.40 nΩ·m  
29
115.00 nΩ·m  
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
27
0.09 106/cm Ω  
28
Electron Affinity
54.23 kJ/mol  
21
107.30 kJ/mol  
9
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
0.23 J/(kg K)  
28
Molar Heat Capacity
25.98 J/mol·K  
99+
27.11 J/mol·K  
26
Thermal Conductivity
71.80 W/m·K  
23
66.80 W/m·K  
25
Critical Temperature
1,825.00 K  
26
505.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
22.00 µm/(m·K)  
21
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
376.60 kJ/mol  
28
290.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.74 kJ/mol  
18
7.03 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
393.30 kJ/mol  
29
301.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
37.60 J/mol.K  
99+
51.20 J/mol.K  
40
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