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Tungsten Beryllium Comparison

Tungsten
Beryllium
Beryllium Tungsten comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
W  
Be  
Group Number
6  
12
2  
16
Period Number
6  
2  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440337  
99+
7440417  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Discovery
In 1781  
In 1797  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
29
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
22
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
35
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
40
0.00 p.p.m.  
37
Physical
Melting Point
3,410.00 °C  
1
1,278.00 °C  
36
Boiling Point
5,660.00 °C  
1
2,970.00 °C  
33
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
White Gray  
Luster
Lustrous  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.50  
2
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa  
4
590.00 MPa  
25
Vickers Hardness
3,430.00 MPa  
3
1,670.00 MPa  
9
Speed of Sound
4,620.00 m/s  
20
12,890.00 m/s  
2
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.10  
11
1.56  
34
Reflectivity
62.00 %  
21
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
W  
Be  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
9  
29
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.36  
3
1.57  
25
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.98  
99+
1.81  
15
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.40  
20
1.47  
15
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.36  
3
1.54  
24
Allen Electronegativity
1.47  
33
1.58  
26
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.64  
99+
2.43  
30
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
16
899.50 kJ/mol  
7
2nd Energy Level
1,700.00 kJ/mol  
30
1,757.10 kJ/mol  
24
3rd Energy Level
2,045.40 kJ/mol  
99+
14,848.70 kJ/mol  
2
4th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
8
21,006.60 kJ/mol  
2
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
1,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
25
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
13th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
18
89,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
16th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
13
89,900.00 kJ/mol  
8
17th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
34
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
14
18th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
8,995.00 kJ/mol  
13
19th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
31
899.50 kJ/mol  
22
20th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
25
899.00 kJ/mol  
12
21st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
26
22nd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
899.00 kJ/mol  
10
23rd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
31
24th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
15
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
26th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
27th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
13
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
30th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.17 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV  
18
4.98 eV  
10
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
74  
99+
4  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2  
[He] 2s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74  
99+
4  
99+
Number of Neutrons
110  
28
5  
99+
Number of Electrons
74  
99+
4  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
112.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm  
31
96.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
153.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
183.84 amu  
37
9.01 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
5.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tantalum
  
Lithium
  
Next Element
Rhenium
  
Sodium
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)  
5
82.00 (-eV)  
15
Lattice Constant
316.52 pm  
99+
228.58 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.29  
99+
1.57  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.25 g/cm3  
16
1.85 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.60 g/cm3  
15
1.69 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa  
11
287.00 MPa  
16
Viscosity
0.00  
1
0.00  
17
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
20
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
161.00 GPa  
5
132.00 GPa  
7
Bulk Modulus
310.00 GPa  
4
130.00 GPa  
13
Young's Modulus
411.00 GPa  
4
287.00 GPa  
7
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
17
0.03  
36
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.22  
18
1.85  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
23
0.00  
11
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m  
99+
36.00 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
0.31 106/cm Ω  
5
Electron Affinity
78.60 kJ/mol  
15
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
1.82 J/(kg K)  
2
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
16.44 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
173.00 W/m·K  
7
200.00 W/m·K  
6
Critical Temperature
3,695.00 K  
1
1,551.00 K  
39
Thermal Expansion
4.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
294.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
11.72 kJ/mol  
36
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
326.40 kJ/mol  
40
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
9.50 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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