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Beryllium vs Cadmium

Beryllium
Cadmium
Cadmium vs Beryllium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Be   
Cd   
Group Number
2   
16
12   
6
Period Number
2   
5   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440417   
99+
7440439   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
  • Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
  • Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
  • It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
  • It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer   
Discovery
In 1797   
In 1817   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-7 %   
23
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %   
29
~0.0000006 %   
21
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
31
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
35
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
39
0.00 %   
28
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
19
0.00 %   
11
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
  • It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
  • Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
32
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
24
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
32
1.80 p.p.m.   
15
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C   
36
320.90 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C   
32
765.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
White Gray   
Silvery Bluish-Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50   
7
2.00   
16
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa   
21
203.00 MPa   
39
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa   
4
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s   
2
2,310.00 m/s   
39
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
67.00 %   
11
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Be   
Cd   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
9   
29
34   
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57   
24
1.69   
17
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81   
12
1.98   
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47   
14
1.46   
15
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54   
12
1.53   
13
Allen Electronegativity
1.58   
23
1.52   
27
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43   
30
2.31   
37
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol   
7
867.80 kJ/mol   
11
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol   
23
1,631.40 kJ/mol   
32
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol   
2
3,616.00 kJ/mol   
13
4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.10 g/amp-hr   
27
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV   
6
4.22 eV   
22
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
4   
99+
48   
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2   
[Kr] 4d10 5s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
4   
99+
48   
99+
Number of Neutrons
5   
99+
64   
99+
Number of Electrons
4   
99+
48   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm   
99+
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm   
99+
144.00 pm   
40
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm   
99+
158.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu   
99+
112.41 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol   
99+
13.10 cm3/mol   
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lithium
  
Silver
  
Next Element
Sodium
  
Indium
  
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)   
15
30.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm   
99+
297.94 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
18
1.89   
1
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3   
99+
8.65 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3   
99+
8.00 g/cm3   
28
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
62.00 MPa   
16
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
19
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa   
7
19.00 GPa   
35
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa   
13
42.00 GPa   
29
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa   
7
50.00 GPa   
36
Poisson Ratio
0.03   
35
0.30   
14
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.85   
99+
8.65   
36
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m   
99+
72.70 nΩ·m   
36
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω   
5
0.14 106/cm Ω   
15
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)   
2
0.23 J/(kg K)   
26
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K   
99+
26.02 J/mol·K   
32
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K   
6
96.60 W/m·K   
16
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)   
34
30.80 µm/(m·K)   
10
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol   
30
100.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol   
30
6.19 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol   
30
113.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K   
99+
51.80 J/mol.K   
27
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