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Tungsten vs Erbium


Erbium vs Tungsten


Periodic Table

Symbol
W   
Er   

Group Number
6   
12
Not Available   

Period Number
6   
6   

Block
d block   
f block   

Element Family
Transition Metal   
Lanthanide   

CAS Number
7440337   
99+
7440520   
35

Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
P63/mmc   

Space Group Number
229.00   
1
194.00   
5

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
  • Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
  • Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
  

Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Mining   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Not Available   
Carl Gustaf Mosander   

Discovery
In 1781   
In 1842   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %   
27
2 * 10-7 %   
22

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~0.0000001 %   
26

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
39
0.00 %   
36

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
39
0.00 %   
32

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
18
0.00 %   
36

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
  • It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
  • Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Mildly Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   

In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
31
Not Available   

In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
35
Not Available   

Physical Properties

Melting Point
3,410.00 °C   
1
1,522.00 °C   
28

Boiling Point
5,660.00 °C   
1
2,510.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Grayish White   
Silvery White   

Luster
Lustrous   
Lustrous   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
7.50   
2
Not Available   

Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa   
4
814.00 MPa   
11

Vickers Hardness
3,430.00 MPa   
1
589.00 MPa   
19

Speed of Sound
4,620.00 m/s   
16
2,830.00 m/s   
28

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
62.00 %   
13
Not Available   

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
W   
Er   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
33   
6
31   
8

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
2.36   
2
1.24   
36

Sanderson Electronegativity
0.98   
23
Not Available   

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.40   
19
1.11   
29

Allen Electronegativity
1.47   
29
Not Available   

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
1.64   
99+
2.76   
18

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol   
16
589.30 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,700.00 kJ/mol   
29
1,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,194.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.08 g/amp-hr   
28

Electron Work Function
4.55 eV   
13
Not Available   

Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
74   
99+
68   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2   
[Xe] 4f12 6s2   

Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   

Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Erbium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
74   
99+
68   
99+

Number of Neutrons
110   
27
99   
33

Number of Electrons
74   
99+
68   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
139.00 pm   
39
176.00 pm   
18

Covalent Radius
162.00 pm   
29
189.00 pm   
19

Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
Not Available   

Atomic Weight
183.84 amu   
37
167.26 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol   
99+
18.40 cm3/mol   
25

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Tantalum
  
Holmium
  

Next Element
Rhenium
  
Thulium
  

Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)   
5
49.00 (-eV)   
29

Lattice Constant
316.52 pm   
99+
355.88 pm   
39

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.57   
17

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
19.25 g/cm3   
16
9.07 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.60 g/cm3   
5
8.86 g/cm3   
23

Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa   
10
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
20

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
32
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
161.00 GPa   
5
28.30 GPa   
25

Bulk Modulus
310.00 GPa   
4
44.40 GPa   
27

Young's Modulus
411.00 GPa   
4
69.90 GPa   
29

Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
0.24   
28

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
19.22   
9
9.07   
32

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m   
99+
0.86 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω   
10
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+

Electron Affinity
78.60 kJ/mol   
13
50.00 kJ/mol   
21

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.17 J/(kg K)   
34

Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K   
99+
28.12 J/mol·K   
11

Thermal Conductivity
173.00 W/m·K   
7
14.50 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
4.50 µm/(m·K)   
99+
12.20 µm/(m·K)   
31

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol   
1
261.00 kJ/mol   
35

Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol   
1
17.20 kJ/mol   
15

Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol   
1
314.00 kJ/mol   
33

Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K   
99+
73.10 J/mol.K   
11

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