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Tungsten vs Erbium

Tungsten
Erbium
Erbium vs Tungsten


Periodic Table
Symbol
W  
Er  
Group Number
6  
12
3  
15
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440337  
99+
7440520  
35
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
  • Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
  • Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Carl Gustaf Mosander  
Discovery
In 1781  
In 1842  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
32
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
36
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
  • It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
  • Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Mildly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
40
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
3,410.00 °C  
1
1,522.00 °C  
28
Boiling Point
5,660.00 °C  
1
2,510.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Lustrous  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.50  
2
1.00  
22
Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa  
4
814.00 MPa  
12
Vickers Hardness
3,430.00 MPa  
3
589.00 MPa  
30
Speed of Sound
4,620.00 m/s  
20
2,830.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.10  
11
1.76  
24
Reflectivity
62.00 %  
21
36.00 %  
33
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
W  
Er  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.36  
3
1.24  
37
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.98  
99+
1.24  
29
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.40  
20
1.11  
30
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.36  
3
1.24  
36
Allen Electronegativity
1.47  
33
1.24  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.64  
99+
2.76  
18
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
16
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,700.00 kJ/mol  
30
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,045.40 kJ/mol  
99+
2,194.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
8
4,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
5,897.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
5,897.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
25
4,240.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
37
15th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
18
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
13
58,900.00 kJ/mol  
38
17th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
34
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
5,890.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
31
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
25
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,897.00 kJ/mol  
19
22nd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
15
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
589.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
13
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
589.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
2.08 g/amp-hr  
32
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV  
18
5.93 eV  
2
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
74  
99+
68  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2  
[Xe] 4f12 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Erbium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74  
99+
68  
99+
Number of Neutrons
110  
28
99  
34
Number of Electrons
74  
99+
68  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
176.00 pm  
20
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm  
31
189.00 pm  
19
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
0.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
183.84 amu  
37
167.26 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
18.40 cm3/mol  
37
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tantalum
  
Holmium
  
Next Element
Rhenium
  
Thulium
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)  
5
49.00 (-eV)  
30
Lattice Constant
316.52 pm  
99+
355.88 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.29  
99+
1.57  
40
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.25 g/cm3  
16
9.07 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.60 g/cm3  
15
8.86 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa  
11
350.00 MPa  
12
Viscosity
0.00  
1
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
21
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
161.00 GPa  
5
28.30 GPa  
31
Bulk Modulus
310.00 GPa  
4
44.40 GPa  
31
Young's Modulus
411.00 GPa  
4
69.90 GPa  
31
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
17
0.24  
28
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.22  
18
9.07  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
23
0.00  
11
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m  
99+
0.86 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
78.60 kJ/mol  
15
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.17 J/(kg K)  
35
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
28.12 J/mol·K  
14
Thermal Conductivity
173.00 W/m·K  
7
14.50 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
3,695.00 K  
1
1,802.00 K  
30
Thermal Expansion
4.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
12.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
261.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
17.20 kJ/mol  
15
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
314.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
73.10 J/mol.K  
11
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