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Tungsten vs Rubidium

Tungsten
Rubidium
Rubidium vs Tungsten


Periodic Table
Symbol
W  
Rb  
Group Number
6  
12
1  
17
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkali  
CAS Number
7440337  
99+
7440177  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Obtained from Lithium Production.  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff  
Discovery
In 1781  
In 1861  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
39
0.01 %  
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
8
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3  
7
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
40
5.00 p.p.m.  
13
Physical
Melting Point
3,410.00 °C  
1
38.89 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
5,660.00 °C  
1
688.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
Grayish White  
Luster
Lustrous  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.50  
2
0.30  
26
Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa  
4
0.22 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
3,430.00 MPa  
3
0.22 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,620.00 m/s  
20
1,300.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.10  
11
1.54  
35
Reflectivity
62.00 %  
21
52.00 %  
29
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
W  
Rb  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.36  
3
0.82  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.98  
99+
0.31  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.40  
20
0.89  
99+
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.36  
3
0.69  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.47  
33
0.71  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.64  
99+
3.18  
3
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
16
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,700.00 kJ/mol  
30
2,633.00 kJ/mol  
6
3rd Energy Level
2,045.40 kJ/mol  
99+
3,860.00 kJ/mol  
11
4th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
8
5,080.00 kJ/mol  
28
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
6,850.00 kJ/mol  
31
6th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
8,140.00 kJ/mol  
31
7th Energy level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
9,570.00 kJ/mol  
20
8th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
13,120.00 kJ/mol  
17
9th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
25
14,500.00 kJ/mol  
18
10th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
26,740.00 kJ/mol  
6
11th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
18
40,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
13
40,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
34
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
31
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
25
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
15
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
13
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.19 g/amp-hr  
16
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV  
18
2.16 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
74  
99+
37  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2  
[Kr] 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74  
99+
37  
99+
Number of Neutrons
110  
28
48  
99+
Number of Electrons
74  
99+
37  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
248.00 pm  
3
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm  
31
220.00 pm  
4
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
303.00 pm  
4
Atomic Weight
183.84 amu  
37
85.47 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
55.90 cm3/mol  
3
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tantalum
  
Gallium
  
Next Element
Rhenium
  
Strontium
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)  
5
9.47 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
316.52 pm  
99+
558.50 pm  
11
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.29  
99+
1.59  
28
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.25 g/cm3  
16
1.53 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.60 g/cm3  
15
1.46 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa  
11
30.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
1
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
35
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
161.00 GPa  
5
2.50 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
310.00 GPa  
4
2.50 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
411.00 GPa  
4
2.40 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
17
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.22  
18
1.53  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
11
Susceptibility
0.00  
23
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m  
99+
128.00 nΩ·m  
26
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
0.08 106/cm Ω  
29
Electron Affinity
78.60 kJ/mol  
15
46.90 kJ/mol  
29
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.36 J/(kg K)  
17
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
31.06 J/mol·K  
7
Thermal Conductivity
173.00 W/m·K  
7
58.20 W/m·K  
26
Critical Temperature
3,695.00 K  
1
2,093.00 K  
18
Thermal Expansion
4.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
90.00 µm/(m·K)  
2
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
69.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
2.19 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
82.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
76.80 J/mol.K  
5
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