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Tungsten vs Ruthenium

Tungsten
Ruthenium
Ruthenium vs Tungsten


Periodic Table
Symbol
W   
Ru   
Group Number
6   
12
8   
10
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440337   
99+
7440188   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
  • Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
  • Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Not Available   
Karl Ernst Claus   
Discovery
In 1781   
In 1844   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %   
27
4 * 10-7 %   
20
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~0.0000005 %   
22
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
39
0.00 %   
26
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
39
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
18
0.00 %   
38
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
  • It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
  • Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Medical Research   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Low Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
31
Not Available   
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
35
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,410.00 °C   
1
2,250.00 °C   
8
Boiling Point
5,660.00 °C   
1
3,900.00 °C   
14
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Grayish White   
Silvery White   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.50   
2
6.50   
5
Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa   
4
2,160.00 MPa   
3
Vickers Hardness
3,430.00 MPa   
1
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
4,620.00 m/s   
16
5,970.00 m/s   
4
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
62.00 %   
13
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
W   
Ru   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
26   
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.36   
2
2.20   
4
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.98   
23
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.40   
19
1.42   
18
Allen Electronegativity
1.47   
29
1.54   
25
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.64   
99+
1.80   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol   
16
710.20 kJ/mol   
32
2nd Energy Level
1,700.00 kJ/mol   
29
710.22 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,747.00 kJ/mol   
37
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.26 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV   
13
4.71 eV   
9
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
74   
99+
44   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2   
[Kr] 4d7 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74   
99+
44   
99+
Number of Neutrons
110   
27
57   
99+
Number of Electrons
74   
99+
44   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm   
39
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm   
29
146.00 pm   
38
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
183.84 amu   
37
101.07 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol   
99+
8.30 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tantalum
  
Technetium
  
Next Element
Rhenium
  
Rhodium
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)   
5
64.00 (-eV)   
22
Lattice Constant
316.52 pm   
99+
270.59 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.58   
11
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.25 g/cm3   
16
12.45 g/cm3   
27
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.60 g/cm3   
5
10.65 g/cm3   
16
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa   
10
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
32
0.00 (Pa)   
23
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
161.00 GPa   
5
173.00 GPa   
4
Bulk Modulus
310.00 GPa   
4
220.00 GPa   
7
Young's Modulus
411.00 GPa   
4
447.00 GPa   
3
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
0.30   
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.22   
9
12.45   
19
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m   
99+
71.00 nΩ·m   
38
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω   
10
0.14 106/cm Ω   
16
Electron Affinity
78.60 kJ/mol   
13
101.30 kJ/mol   
10
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.24 J/(kg K)   
24
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K   
99+
24.06 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
173.00 W/m·K   
7
117.00 W/m·K   
13
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
4.50 µm/(m·K)   
99+
6.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol   
1
567.80 kJ/mol   
10
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol   
1
25.50 kJ/mol   
7
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol   
1
603.00 kJ/mol   
9
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K   
99+
28.50 J/mol.K   
99+
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