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Tungsten vs Ruthenium

Tungsten
Ruthenium
Ruthenium vs Tungsten


Periodic Table
Symbol
W  
Ru  
Group Number
6  
12
8  
10
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440337  
99+
7440188  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
  • Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
  • Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Karl Ernst Claus  
Discovery
In 1781  
In 1844  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
38
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
  • It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
  • Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Medical Research  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
40
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
3,410.00 °C  
1
2,250.00 °C  
8
Boiling Point
5,660.00 °C  
1
3,900.00 °C  
14
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Lustrous  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.50  
2
6.50  
5
Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa  
4
2,160.00 MPa  
3
Vickers Hardness
3,430.00 MPa  
3
1,160.00 MPa  
14
Speed of Sound
4,620.00 m/s  
20
5,970.00 m/s  
7
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.10  
11
2.60  
4
Reflectivity
62.00 %  
21
6.00 %  
38
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
W  
Ru  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.36  
3
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.98  
99+
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.40  
20
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.36  
3
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.47  
33
1.54  
28
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.64  
99+
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
16
710.20 kJ/mol  
32
2nd Energy Level
1,700.00 kJ/mol  
30
710.22 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,045.40 kJ/mol  
99+
2,747.00 kJ/mol  
38
4th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
8
7,107.00 kJ/mol  
12
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
7,107.00 kJ/mol  
27
6th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
7,107.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
37
8th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
25
5,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
35
11th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
12th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
29
14th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
18
71,000.00 kJ/mol  
25
16th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
13
71,000.00 kJ/mol  
21
17th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
34
710.20 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
31
19th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
31
710.20 kJ/mol  
38
20th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
25
710.00 kJ/mol  
32
21st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.20 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
710.00 kJ/mol  
26
23rd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.20 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
15
710.20 kJ/mol  
25
25th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
710.00 kJ/mol  
26
26th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
710.20 kJ/mol  
25
27th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
13
710.20 kJ/mol  
25
28th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
710.20 kJ/mol  
30
29th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
710.20 kJ/mol  
31
30th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
710.00 kJ/mol  
25
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.26 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV  
18
4.71 eV  
14
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
74  
99+
44  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2  
[Kr] 4d7 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74  
99+
44  
99+
Number of Neutrons
110  
28
57  
99+
Number of Electrons
74  
99+
44  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm  
31
146.00 pm  
40
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
183.84 amu  
37
101.07 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tantalum
  
Technetium
  
Next Element
Rhenium
  
Rhodium
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)  
5
64.00 (-eV)  
22
Lattice Constant
316.52 pm  
99+
270.59 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.29  
99+
1.58  
33
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.25 g/cm3  
16
12.45 g/cm3  
29
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.60 g/cm3  
15
10.65 g/cm3  
37
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa  
11
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
1
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
23
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
161.00 GPa  
5
173.00 GPa  
4
Bulk Modulus
310.00 GPa  
4
220.00 GPa  
7
Young's Modulus
411.00 GPa  
4
447.00 GPa  
3
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
17
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.22  
18
12.45  
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
23
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m  
99+
71.00 nΩ·m  
38
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
0.14 106/cm Ω  
18
Electron Affinity
78.60 kJ/mol  
15
101.30 kJ/mol  
11
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.24 J/(kg K)  
24
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
24.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
173.00 W/m·K  
7
117.00 W/m·K  
13
Critical Temperature
3,695.00 K  
1
2,607.00 K  
9
Thermal Expansion
4.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
6.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
567.80 kJ/mol  
13
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
25.50 kJ/mol  
7
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
603.00 kJ/mol  
10
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
28.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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