Ytterbium vs Beryllium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Yb
Be
Group Number
Not Available
2
16
Period Number
6
2
Block
f block
s block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440644
26
7440417
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
- Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
- Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
- Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
- It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Discovery
In 1878
In 1797
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
1 * 10-7 %
23
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.00000001 %
29
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
36
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
33
0.00 %
35
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
37
0.00 %
39
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
- Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
- Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
32
In Bone
Not Available
0.00 p.p.m.
32
Physical Properties
Melting Point
824.00 °C
99+
1,278.00 °C
36
Boiling Point
1,196.00 °C
99+
2,970.00 °C
32
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
White Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
5.50
7
Brinell Hardness
343.00 MPa
31
590.00 MPa
21
Vickers Hardness
206.00 MPa
33
1,670.00 MPa
4
Speed of Sound
1,590.00 m/s
99+
12,890.00 m/s
2
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Yb
Be
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
30
9
9
29
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
1.57
24
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.81
12
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.06
33
1.47
14
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.54
12
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.58
23
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
2.43
30
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol
99+
899.50 kJ/mol
7
2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,757.10 kJ/mol
23
3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol
99+
14,848.70 kJ/mol
2
4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol
31
21,006.60 kJ/mol
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.15 g/amp-hr
25
0.17 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
4.98 eV
6
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
70
99+
4
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 6s2
[He] 2s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Ytterbium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
70
99+
4
99+
Number of Neutrons
103
31
5
99+
Number of Electrons
70
99+
4
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm
18
112.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm
20
96.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
242.00 pm
12
153.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
173.05 amu
99+
9.01 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
24.79 cm3/mol
9
5.00 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
50.30 (-eV)
27
82.00 (-eV)
15
Lattice Constant
548.47 pm
11
228.58 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.57
18
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.90 g/cm3
99+
1.85 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.21 g/cm3
99+
1.69 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
58.00 MPa
18
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
19
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
9.90 GPa
99+
132.00 GPa
7
Bulk Modulus
30.50 GPa
39
130.00 GPa
13
Young's Modulus
23.90 GPa
99+
287.00 GPa
7
Poisson Ratio
0.21
33
0.03
35
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.97
99+
1.85
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
0.25 nΩ·m
99+
36.00 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω
38
0.31 106/cm Ω
5
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)
36
1.82 J/(kg K)
2
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K
25
16.44 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
38.50 W/m·K
35
200.00 W/m·K
6
Critical Temperature
26.30 K
7
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
26.30 µm/(m·K)
14
11.30 µm/(m·K)
34
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.90 kJ/mol
99+
294.70 kJ/mol
30
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol
99+
11.72 kJ/mol
30
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol
99+
326.40 kJ/mol
30
Standard Molar Entropy
59.90 J/mol.K
21
9.50 J/mol.K
99+
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