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Beryllium vs Ytterbium

Beryllium
Ytterbium
Ytterbium vs Beryllium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Be   
Yb   
Group Number
2   
16
Not Available   
Period Number
2   
6   
Block
s block   
f block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7440417   
99+
7440644   
26
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
  • Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
  • Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac   
Discovery
In 1797   
In 1878   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-7 %   
23
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %   
29
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
35
0.00 %   
33
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
39
0.00 %   
37
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
19
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
  • Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
32
Not Available   
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
32
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C   
36
824.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C   
32
1,196.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
White Gray   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50   
7
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa   
21
343.00 MPa   
31
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa   
4
206.00 MPa   
33
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s   
2
1,590.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Be   
Yb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
9   
29
30   
9
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57   
24
Not Available   
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81   
12
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47   
14
1.06   
33
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54   
12
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.58   
23
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43   
30
Not Available   
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol   
7
603.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol   
23
1,174.80 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol   
2
2,417.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol   
2
4,203.00 kJ/mol   
31
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.15 g/amp-hr   
25
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV   
6
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
4   
99+
70   
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2   
[Xe] 4f14 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Ytterbium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
4   
99+
70   
99+
Number of Neutrons
5   
99+
103   
31
Number of Electrons
4   
99+
70   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm   
99+
176.00 pm   
18
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm   
99+
187.00 pm   
20
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm   
99+
242.00 pm   
12
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu   
99+
173.05 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol   
99+
24.79 cm3/mol   
9
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lithium
  
Thulium
  
Next Element
Sodium
  
Lutetium
  
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)   
15
50.30 (-eV)   
27
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm   
99+
548.47 pm   
11
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
18
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3   
99+
6.90 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3   
99+
6.21 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
58.00 MPa   
18
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
19
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa   
7
9.90 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa   
13
30.50 GPa   
39
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa   
7
23.90 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.03   
35
0.21   
33
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.85   
99+
6.97   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m   
99+
0.25 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω   
5
0.04 106/cm Ω   
38
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)   
2
0.15 J/(kg K)   
36
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K   
99+
26.74 J/mol·K   
25
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K   
6
38.50 W/m·K   
35
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
26.30 K   
7
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)   
34
26.30 µm/(m·K)   
14
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol   
30
128.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol   
30
7.66 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol   
30
180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K   
99+
59.90 J/mol.K   
21
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