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Yttrium Bismuth Comparison

Yttrium
Bismuth
Bismuth Yttrium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Y  
Bi  
Group Number
3  
15
15  
3
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440655  
25
7440699  
22
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
C12/m1  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
12.00  
15
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
  • Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johan Gadolin  
Claude François Geoffroy  
Discovery
In 1794  
In 1753  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
22
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
  • It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
26
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3  
20
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.  
30
0.20 p.p.m.  
27
Physical
Melting Point
1,523.00 °C  
27
271.30 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,337.00 °C  
22
1,560.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
2.25  
16
Brinell Hardness
589.00 MPa  
26
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
590.00 MPa  
29
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,300.00 m/s  
34
1,790.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
83.00 %  
6
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Y  
Bi  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
19  
20
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.22  
39
2.02  
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.65  
99+
2.34  
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11  
30
1.67  
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.22  
38
2.15  
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.12  
99+
2.01  
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.78  
16
1.98  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
2nd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,610.00 kJ/mol  
34
3rd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,466.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
19
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
38
5th Energy Level
7,430.00 kJ/mol  
22
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
8,970.00 kJ/mol  
23
8,520.00 kJ/mol  
29
7th Energy level
11,190.00 kJ/mol  
18
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
12,450.00 kJ/mol  
18
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
37
9th Energy Level
14,110.00 kJ/mol  
19
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
10th Energy Level
18,400.00 kJ/mol  
17
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
38
11th Energy Level
19,900.00 kJ/mol  
18
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
36
12th Energy Level
36,090.00 kJ/mol  
25
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
6,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
32
14th Energy Level
6,000.00 kJ/mol  
33
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
22
15th Energy Level
60,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
28
16th Energy Level
60,000.00 kJ/mol  
34
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
23
17th Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
6,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
19th Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
40
20th Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
21st Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
12
22nd Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
23rd Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
10
24th Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
27
25th Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
26th Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
27th Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
28th Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
29th Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
30th Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
2.60 g/amp-hr  
23
Electron Work Function
3.10 eV  
99+
4.22 eV  
29
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
39  
99+
83  
33
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d1 5s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
39  
99+
83  
33
Number of Neutrons
50  
99+
126  
19
Number of Electrons
39  
99+
83  
33
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
16
156.00 pm  
31
Covalent Radius
190.00 pm  
18
148.00 pm  
38
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
207.00 pm  
33
Atomic Weight
88.91 amu  
99+
208.98 amu  
29
Atomic Volume
19.80 cm3/mol  
33
21.30 cm3/mol  
23
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Strontium
  
Lead
  
Next Element
Zirconium
  
Polonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
48.00 (-eV)  
31
41.90 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
364.74 pm  
34
667.40 pm  
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
39
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
4.47 g/cm3  
99+
9.78 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.24 g/cm3  
99+
10.05 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
160.00 MPa  
22
32.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
18
0.00  
29
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
34
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
4.27 (Pa)  
10
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
25.60 GPa  
37
12.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
41.20 GPa  
35
31.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
63.50 GPa  
34
32.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.24  
26
0.33  
11
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
4.47  
99+
9.79  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
18
0.00 H/m  
20
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
36
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
596.00 nΩ·m  
8
1.29 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
29.60 kJ/mol  
36
91.20 kJ/mol  
13
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)  
18
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
26.53 J/mol·K  
35
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
17.20 W/m·K  
99+
7.97 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,799.00 K  
31
544.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
10.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
393.00 kJ/mol  
25
151.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.15 kJ/mol  
16
10.90 kJ/mol  
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
418.00 kJ/mol  
23
207.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
44.40 J/mol.K  
99+
56.70 J/mol.K  
32
Summary >>
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