Yttrium Bismuth Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Y
Bi
Group Number
3
15
15
3
Period Number
5
6
Block
d block
p block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440655
25
7440699
22
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
C12/m1
Space Group Number
194.00
5
12.00
12
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
- Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Johan Gadolin
Claude François Geoffroy
Discovery
In 1794
In 1753
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-7 %
17
7 * 10-8 %
25
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.000006 %
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
21
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
22
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
25
0.00 %
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
- It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
26
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3
20
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.
25
0.20 p.p.m.
22
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,523.00 °C
27
271.30 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,337.00 °C
21
1,560.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
2.25
15
Brinell Hardness
589.00 MPa
22
70.00 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
3,300.00 m/s
23
1,790.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Y
Bi
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
19
20
33
6
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.22
38
2.02
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.65
29
2.34
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11
29
1.67
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
2.15
4
Allen Electronegativity
1.12
38
2.01
4
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.78
16
1.98
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol
99+
703.00 kJ/mol
35
2nd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,610.00 kJ/mol
33
3rd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,466.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol
10
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
5th Energy Level
7,430.00 kJ/mol
14
5,400.00 kJ/mol
30
6th Energy Level
8,970.00 kJ/mol
17
8,520.00 kJ/mol
19
7th Energy level
11,190.00 kJ/mol
18
Not Available
8th Energy Level
12,450.00 kJ/mol
18
Not Available
9th Energy Level
14,110.00 kJ/mol
19
Not Available
10th Energy Level
18,400.00 kJ/mol
17
Not Available
11th Energy Level
19,900.00 kJ/mol
18
Not Available
12th Energy Level
36,090.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
2.60 g/amp-hr
19
Electron Work Function
3.10 eV
35
4.22 eV
22
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
39
99+
83
33
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d1 5s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
39
99+
83
33
Number of Neutrons
50
99+
126
18
Number of Electrons
39
99+
83
33
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm
14
156.00 pm
29
Covalent Radius
190.00 pm
18
148.00 pm
36
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
207.00 pm
26
Atomic Weight
88.91 amu
99+
208.98 amu
29
Atomic Volume
19.80 cm3/mol
21
21.30 cm3/mol
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
48.00 (-eV)
30
41.90 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
364.74 pm
31
667.40 pm
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57
16
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
4.47 g/cm3
99+
9.78 g/cm3
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.24 g/cm3
99+
10.05 g/cm3
18
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
32
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
4.27 (Pa)
10
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
25.60 GPa
30
12.00 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
41.20 GPa
30
31.00 GPa
38
Young's Modulus
63.50 GPa
32
32.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.24
26
0.33
11
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
4.47
99+
9.79
30
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
0.00 H/m
6
Susceptibility
Not Available
0.00
6
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
596.00 nΩ·m
8
1.29 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
29.60 kJ/mol
30
91.20 kJ/mol
11
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)
18
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.53 J/mol·K
27
25.52 J/mol·K
37
Thermal Conductivity
17.20 W/m·K
99+
7.97 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
10.60 µm/(m·K)
37
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
393.00 kJ/mol
18
151.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.15 kJ/mol
16
10.90 kJ/mol
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
418.00 kJ/mol
18
207.10 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
44.40 J/mol.K
33
56.70 J/mol.K
24
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