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Yttrium vs Calcium

Yttrium
Calcium
Calcium vs Yttrium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Y   
Ca   
Group Number
3   
15
2   
16
Period Number
5   
4   
Block
d block   
s block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Alkaline Earth   
CAS Number
7440655   
25
7440702   
21
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
  • Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
  
  • Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
  • It is found in the compound state.
  • Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johan Gadolin   
Humphry Davy   
Discovery
In 1794   
In 1808   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-7 %   
17
7 * 10-3 %   
3
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.007 %   
4
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
21
1.10 %   
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
22
5.00 %   
3
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
25
0.00 %   
5
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
1.40 %   
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
  • It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
  
  • It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
  • Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
26
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3   
4
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.   
25
170,000.00 p.p.m.   
1
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,523.00 °C   
27
839.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,337.00 °C   
21
1,484.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Gray   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
1.75   
17
Brinell Hardness
589.00 MPa   
22
170.00 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
3,300.00 m/s   
23
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Y   
Ca   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
19   
20
19   
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.22   
38
1.00   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.65   
29
0.95   
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.04   
34
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.08   
17
Allen Electronegativity
1.12   
38
1.03   
39
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.78   
16
3.00   
9
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol   
99+
589.80 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,145.40 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4,912.40 kJ/mol   
7
4th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol   
10
6,491.00 kJ/mol   
7
5th Energy Level
7,430.00 kJ/mol   
14
8,153.00 kJ/mol   
7
6th Energy Level
8,970.00 kJ/mol   
17
10,496.00 kJ/mol   
8
7th Energy level
11,190.00 kJ/mol   
18
12,270.00 kJ/mol   
12
8th Energy Level
12,450.00 kJ/mol   
18
14,206.00 kJ/mol   
15
9th Energy Level
14,110.00 kJ/mol   
19
18,191.00 kJ/mol   
12
10th Energy Level
18,400.00 kJ/mol   
17
20,385.00 kJ/mol   
16
11th Energy Level
19,900.00 kJ/mol   
18
57,110.00 kJ/mol   
3
12th Energy Level
36,090.00 kJ/mol   
5
63,410.00 kJ/mol   
3
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
70,110.00 kJ/mol   
3
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
78,890.00 kJ/mol   
4
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
86,310.00 kJ/mol   
5
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
94,000.00 kJ/mol   
6
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
104,900.00 kJ/mol   
7
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
111,711.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.75 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.10 eV   
35
2.87 eV   
38
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
39   
99+
20   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d1 5s2   
[Ar] 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
39   
99+
20   
99+
Number of Neutrons
50   
99+
20   
99+
Number of Electrons
39   
99+
20   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm   
14
197.00 pm   
6
Covalent Radius
190.00 pm   
18
176.00 pm   
22
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
231.00 pm   
19
Atomic Weight
88.91 amu   
99+
40.08 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
19.80 cm3/mol   
21
29.90 cm3/mol   
7
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Strontium
  
Potassium
  
Next Element
Zirconium
  
Scandium
  
Valence Electron Potential
48.00 (-eV)   
30
29.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
364.74 pm   
31
558.84 pm   
9
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
16
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
4.47 g/cm3   
99+
1.55 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.24 g/cm3   
99+
1.38 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
32
25.50 (Pa)   
3
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
4.27 (Pa)   
10
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
25.60 GPa   
30
7.40 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
41.20 GPa   
30
17.00 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
63.50 GPa   
32
20.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.24   
26
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
4.47   
99+
4.58   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
596.00 nΩ·m   
8
33.60 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.30 106/cm Ω   
6
Electron Affinity
29.60 kJ/mol   
30
2.37 kJ/mol   
39
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)   
18
0.63 J/(kg K)   
7
Molar Heat Capacity
26.53 J/mol·K   
27
25.93 J/mol·K   
34
Thermal Conductivity
17.20 W/m·K   
99+
201.00 W/m·K   
5
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
10.60 µm/(m·K)   
37
22.30 µm/(m·K)   
19
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
393.00 kJ/mol   
18
150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.15 kJ/mol   
16
8.54 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
418.00 kJ/mol   
18
184.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
44.40 J/mol.K   
33
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
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