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Yttrium vs Magnesium


Magnesium vs Yttrium


Periodic Table

Symbol
Y   
Mg   

Group Number
3   
15
2   
16

Period Number
5   
3   

Block
d block   
s block   

Element Family
Transition Metal   
Alkaline Earth   

CAS Number
7440655   
25
7439954   
99+

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
  • Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
  
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Johan Gadolin   
Joseph Black   

Discovery
In 1794   
In 1755   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-7 %   
17
6 * 10-2 %   
2

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.07 %   
2

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
21
12.00 %   
2

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
22
2.90 %   
4

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
25
0.13 %   
2

Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.03 %   
4

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
  • It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
  
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  

Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Non Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   

In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
26
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3   
5

In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.   
25
1,800.00 p.p.m.   
4

Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,523.00 °C   
27
650.00 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
3,337.00 °C   
21
1,107.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Gray   

Luster
NA   
NA   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.50   
14

Brinell Hardness
589.00 MPa   
22
260.00 MPa   
36

Speed of Sound
3,300.00 m/s   
23
4,940.00 m/s   
11

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
Not Available   
74.00 %   
7

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Y   
Mg   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
19   
20
15   
24

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.22   
38
1.31   
31

Sanderson Electronegativity
0.65   
29
1.32   
18

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.23   
25

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.37   
16

Allen Electronegativity
1.12   
38
1.29   
35

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.78   
16
2.69   
23

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol   
99+
737.70 kJ/mol   
24

2nd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,450.70 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
99+
7,732.70 kJ/mol   
5

4th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol   
10
10,542.50 kJ/mol   
4

5th Energy Level
7,430.00 kJ/mol   
14
13,630.00 kJ/mol   
3

6th Energy Level
8,970.00 kJ/mol   
17
18,020.00 kJ/mol   
3

7th Energy level
11,190.00 kJ/mol   
18
21,711.00 kJ/mol   
3

8th Energy Level
12,450.00 kJ/mol   
18
25,661.00 kJ/mol   
3

9th Energy Level
14,110.00 kJ/mol   
19
31,653.00 kJ/mol   
3

10th Energy Level
18,400.00 kJ/mol   
17
35,458.00 kJ/mol   
5

11th Energy Level
19,900.00 kJ/mol   
18
169,988.00 kJ/mol   
1

12th Energy Level
36,090.00 kJ/mol   
5
189,368.00 kJ/mol   
1

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.45 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
3.10 eV   
35
3.66 eV   
29

Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
39   
99+
12   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d1 5s2   
[Ne] 3s2   

Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   

Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
39   
99+
12   
99+

Number of Neutrons
50   
99+
12   
99+

Number of Electrons
39   
99+
12   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
180.00 pm   
14
160.00 pm   
27

Covalent Radius
190.00 pm   
18
141.00 pm   
99+

Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
173.00 pm   
37

Atomic Weight
88.91 amu   
99+
24.31 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
19.80 cm3/mol   
21
13.97 cm3/mol   
37

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Strontium
  
Sodium
  

Next Element
Zirconium
  
Aluminium
  

Valence Electron Potential
48.00 (-eV)   
30
40.00 (-eV)   
99+

Lattice Constant
364.74 pm   
31
320.94 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
16
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
4.47 g/cm3   
99+
1.74 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.24 g/cm3   
99+
1.58 g/cm3   
99+

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
32
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
4.27 (Pa)   
10
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
25.60 GPa   
30
17.00 GPa   
37

Bulk Modulus
41.20 GPa   
30
45.00 GPa   
25

Young's Modulus
63.50 GPa   
32
45.00 GPa   
39

Poisson Ratio
0.24   
26
0.29   
15

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
NA   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
4.47   
99+
1.74   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
596.00 nΩ·m   
8
43.90 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.23 106/cm Ω   
7

Electron Affinity
29.60 kJ/mol   
30
0.00 kJ/mol   
40

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)   
18
1.02 J/(kg K)   
4

Molar Heat Capacity
26.53 J/mol·K   
27
24.87 J/mol·K   
99+

Thermal Conductivity
17.20 W/m·K   
99+
156.00 W/m·K   
8

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
10.60 µm/(m·K)   
37
24.80 µm/(m·K)   
15

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
393.00 kJ/mol   
18
128.70 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Fusion
17.15 kJ/mol   
16
8.95 kJ/mol   
39

Enthalpy of Atomization
418.00 kJ/mol   
18
148.50 kJ/mol   
99+

Standard Molar Entropy
44.40 J/mol.K   
33
32.70 J/mol.K   
99+

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