Symbol
Y
  
Mg
  
Period Number
5
  
3
  
Block
d block
  
s block
  
Element Family
Transition Metal
  
Alkaline Earth
  
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
  
P63/mmc
  
Interesting Facts
- Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
- Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
  
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johan Gadolin
  
Joseph Black
  
Discovery
In 1794
  
In 1755
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
  
26
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
  
Uses & Benefits
- Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
-
It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
  
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
-
It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
  
Medical Uses
NA
  
NA
  
Other Uses
Alloys
  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
  
Non Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
Yes
  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
26
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3
  
5
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.
  
25
1,800.00 p.p.m.
  
4
Melting Point
1,523.00 °C
  
27
Boiling Point
3,337.00 °C
  
21
1,107.00 °C
  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery White
  
Gray
  
Luster
NA
  
NA
  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
3,300.00 m/s
  
23
4,940.00 m/s
  
11
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Y
  
Mg
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol
  
24
2nd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,450.70 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
7,732.70 kJ/mol
  
5
4th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol
  
10
10,542.50 kJ/mol
  
4
5th Energy Level
7,430.00 kJ/mol
  
14
13,630.00 kJ/mol
  
3
6th Energy Level
8,970.00 kJ/mol
  
17
18,020.00 kJ/mol
  
3
7th Energy level
11,190.00 kJ/mol
  
18
21,711.00 kJ/mol
  
3
8th Energy Level
12,450.00 kJ/mol
  
18
25,661.00 kJ/mol
  
3
9th Energy Level
14,110.00 kJ/mol
  
19
31,653.00 kJ/mol
  
3
10th Energy Level
18,400.00 kJ/mol
  
17
35,458.00 kJ/mol
  
5
11th Energy Level
19,900.00 kJ/mol
  
18
169,988.00 kJ/mol
  
1
12th Energy Level
36,090.00 kJ/mol
  
5
189,368.00 kJ/mol
  
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr
  
99+
0.45 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
  
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
  
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d1 5s2
  
[Ne] 3s2
  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100
  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Volume
19.80 cm3/mol
  
21
13.97 cm3/mol
  
37
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
48.00 (-eV)
  
30
40.00 (-eV)
  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
4.47 g/cm3
  
99+
1.74 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.24 g/cm3
  
99+
1.58 g/cm3
  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
  
NA
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
  
Paramagnetic
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor
  
Conductor
  
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m
  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
  
99+
0.23 106/cm Ω
  
7
Electron Affinity
29.60 kJ/mol
  
30
0.00 kJ/mol
  
40
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)
  
18
1.02 J/(kg K)
  
4
Molar Heat Capacity
26.53 J/mol·K
  
27
24.87 J/mol·K
  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
17.20 W/m·K
  
99+
156.00 W/m·K
  
8
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
10.60 µm/(m·K)
  
37
24.80 µm/(m·K)
  
15
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
393.00 kJ/mol
  
18
128.70 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.15 kJ/mol
  
16
8.95 kJ/mol
  
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
418.00 kJ/mol
  
18
148.50 kJ/mol
  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
44.40 J/mol.K
  
33
32.70 J/mol.K
  
99+