Yttrium Magnesium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Y
Mg
Group Number
3
15
2
16
Period Number
5
3
Block
d block
s block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440655
25
7439954
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
- Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Johan Gadolin
Joseph Black
Discovery
In 1794
In 1755
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-7 %
17
6 * 10-2 %
2
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.07 %
2
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
21
12.00 %
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
22
2.90 %
4
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
25
0.13 %
2
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.03 %
4
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
- It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
- It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
26
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3
5
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.
25
1,800.00 p.p.m.
4
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,523.00 °C
27
650.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,337.00 °C
21
1,107.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gray
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
589.00 MPa
22
260.00 MPa
36
Speed of Sound
3,300.00 m/s
23
4,940.00 m/s
11
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
74.00 %
7
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Y
Mg
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
19
20
15
24
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.22
38
1.31
31
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.65
29
1.32
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11
29
1.23
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.37
16
Allen Electronegativity
1.12
38
1.29
35
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.78
16
2.69
23
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol
99+
737.70 kJ/mol
24
2nd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,450.70 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol
99+
7,732.70 kJ/mol
5
4th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol
10
10,542.50 kJ/mol
4
5th Energy Level
7,430.00 kJ/mol
14
13,630.00 kJ/mol
3
6th Energy Level
8,970.00 kJ/mol
17
18,020.00 kJ/mol
3
7th Energy level
11,190.00 kJ/mol
18
21,711.00 kJ/mol
3
8th Energy Level
12,450.00 kJ/mol
18
25,661.00 kJ/mol
3
9th Energy Level
14,110.00 kJ/mol
19
31,653.00 kJ/mol
3
10th Energy Level
18,400.00 kJ/mol
17
35,458.00 kJ/mol
5
11th Energy Level
19,900.00 kJ/mol
18
169,988.00 kJ/mol
1
12th Energy Level
36,090.00 kJ/mol
5
189,368.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.10 eV
35
3.66 eV
29
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
39
99+
12
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d1 5s2
[Ne] 3s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
39
99+
12
99+
Number of Neutrons
50
99+
12
99+
Number of Electrons
39
99+
12
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm
14
160.00 pm
27
Covalent Radius
190.00 pm
18
141.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
173.00 pm
37
Atomic Weight
88.91 amu
99+
24.31 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
19.80 cm3/mol
21
13.97 cm3/mol
37
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
48.00 (-eV)
30
40.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
364.74 pm
31
320.94 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57
16
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
4.47 g/cm3
99+
1.74 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.24 g/cm3
99+
1.58 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
32
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
4.27 (Pa)
10
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
25.60 GPa
30
17.00 GPa
37
Bulk Modulus
41.20 GPa
30
45.00 GPa
25
Young's Modulus
63.50 GPa
32
45.00 GPa
39
Poisson Ratio
0.24
26
0.29
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
4.47
99+
1.74
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
596.00 nΩ·m
8
43.90 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.23 106/cm Ω
7
Electron Affinity
29.60 kJ/mol
30
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)
18
1.02 J/(kg K)
4
Molar Heat Capacity
26.53 J/mol·K
27
24.87 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
17.20 W/m·K
99+
156.00 W/m·K
8
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
10.60 µm/(m·K)
37
24.80 µm/(m·K)
15
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
393.00 kJ/mol
18
128.70 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.15 kJ/mol
16
8.95 kJ/mol
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
418.00 kJ/mol
18
148.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
44.40 J/mol.K
33
32.70 J/mol.K
99+
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