Magnesium Yttrium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Mg
Y
Group Number
2
16
3
15
Period Number
3
5
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439954
99+
7440655
25
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
- Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
- Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Joseph Black
Johan Gadolin
Discovery
In 1755
In 1794
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-2 %
2
7 * 10-7 %
17
Abundance In Sun
~0.07 %
2
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %
2
0.00 %
21
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %
4
0.00 %
22
Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %
2
0.00 %
25
Abundance In Humans
0.03 %
4
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
- It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
- Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
- It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3
5
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
26
In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.
4
0.07 p.p.m.
25
Physical Properties
Melting Point
650.00 °C
99+
1,523.00 °C
27
Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C
99+
3,337.00 °C
21
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silvery White
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa
36
589.00 MPa
22
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s
11
3,300.00 m/s
23
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
74.00 %
7
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mg
Y
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
15
24
19
20
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.31
31
1.22
38
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32
18
0.65
29
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23
25
1.11
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37
16
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.29
35
1.12
38
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.69
23
2.78
16
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol
24
600.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol
99+
1,180.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol
5
1,980.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol
4
5,847.00 kJ/mol
10
5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol
3
7,430.00 kJ/mol
14
6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol
3
8,970.00 kJ/mol
17
7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol
3
11,190.00 kJ/mol
18
8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol
3
12,450.00 kJ/mol
18
9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol
3
14,110.00 kJ/mol
19
10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol
5
18,400.00 kJ/mol
17
11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol
1
19,900.00 kJ/mol
18
12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol
1
36,090.00 kJ/mol
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.66 eV
29
3.10 eV
35
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
12
99+
39
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2
[Kr] 4d1 5s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
12
99+
39
99+
Number of Neutrons
12
99+
50
99+
Number of Electrons
12
99+
39
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm
27
180.00 pm
14
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm
99+
190.00 pm
18
Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm
37
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
24.31 amu
99+
88.91 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol
37
19.80 cm3/mol
21
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)
99+
48.00 (-eV)
30
Lattice Constant
320.94 pm
99+
364.74 pm
31
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.57
16
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm3
99+
4.47 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3
99+
4.24 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
32
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
4.27 (Pa)
10
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa
37
25.60 GPa
30
Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa
25
41.20 GPa
30
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa
39
63.50 GPa
32
Poisson Ratio
0.29
15
0.24
26
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.74
99+
4.47
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m
99+
596.00 nΩ·m
8
Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω
7
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
29.60 kJ/mol
30
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)
4
0.30 J/(kg K)
18
Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K
99+
26.53 J/mol·K
27
Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K
8
17.20 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)
15
10.60 µm/(m·K)
37
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol
99+
393.00 kJ/mol
18
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol
39
17.15 kJ/mol
16
Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol
99+
418.00 kJ/mol
18
Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K
99+
44.40 J/mol.K
33
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