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Yttrium vs Potassium

Yttrium
Potassium
Potassium vs Yttrium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Y   
K   
Group Number
3   
15
1   
17
Period Number
5   
4   
Block
d block   
s block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Alkali   
CAS Number
7440655   
25
7440097   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
  • Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
  
  • In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
  • Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johan Gadolin   
Humphry Davy   
Discovery
In 1794   
In 1807   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-7 %   
17
3 * 10-4 %   
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.0004 %   
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
21
0.07 %   
9
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
22
1.50 %   
6
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
25
0.04 %   
3
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.20 %   
2
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
  • It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
  
  • Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
  • Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
26
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
2
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.   
25
2,100.00 p.p.m.   
3
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,523.00 °C   
27
63.65 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,337.00 °C   
21
774.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
0.40   
23
Brinell Hardness
589.00 MPa   
22
0.36 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
3,300.00 m/s   
23
2,000.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Y   
K   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
19   
20
20   
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.22   
38
0.82   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.65   
29
0.45   
31
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
0.91   
39
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.73   
23
Allen Electronegativity
1.12   
38
0.73   
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.78   
16
3.18   
3
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol   
99+
418.80 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,052.00 kJ/mol   
5
3rd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4,420.00 kJ/mol   
8
4th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol   
10
5,877.00 kJ/mol   
9
5th Energy Level
7,430.00 kJ/mol   
14
7,975.00 kJ/mol   
8
6th Energy Level
8,970.00 kJ/mol   
17
9,590.00 kJ/mol   
13
7th Energy level
11,190.00 kJ/mol   
18
11,343.00 kJ/mol   
17
8th Energy Level
12,450.00 kJ/mol   
18
14,944.00 kJ/mol   
13
9th Energy Level
14,110.00 kJ/mol   
19
16,963.70 kJ/mol   
15
10th Energy Level
18,400.00 kJ/mol   
17
48,610.00 kJ/mol   
3
11th Energy Level
19,900.00 kJ/mol   
18
54,490.00 kJ/mol   
4
12th Energy Level
36,090.00 kJ/mol   
5
60,730.00 kJ/mol   
4
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
68,950.00 kJ/mol   
4
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
75,900.00 kJ/mol   
5
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
83,080.00 kJ/mol   
6
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
93,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
99,710.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.46 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.10 eV   
35
2.30 eV   
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
39   
99+
19   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d1 5s2   
[Ar] 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
39   
99+
19   
99+
Number of Neutrons
50   
99+
20   
99+
Number of Electrons
39   
99+
19   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm   
14
227.00 pm   
3
Covalent Radius
190.00 pm   
18
203.00 pm   
9
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
275.00 pm   
5
Atomic Weight
88.91 amu   
99+
39.10 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
19.80 cm3/mol   
21
45.46 cm3/mol   
3
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Strontium
  
Aluminium
  
Next Element
Zirconium
  
Calcium
  
Valence Electron Potential
48.00 (-eV)   
30
10.40 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
364.74 pm   
31
532.80 pm   
12
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
16
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
4.47 g/cm3   
99+
0.86 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.24 g/cm3   
99+
0.83 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
32
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
4.27 (Pa)   
10
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
25.60 GPa   
30
1.30 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
41.20 GPa   
30
3.10 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
63.50 GPa   
32
3.53 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.24   
26
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
4.47   
99+
0.86   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
596.00 nΩ·m   
8
72.00 nΩ·m   
37
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω   
14
Electron Affinity
29.60 kJ/mol   
30
48.40 kJ/mol   
22
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)   
18
0.75 J/(kg K)   
6
Molar Heat Capacity
26.53 J/mol·K   
27
29.60 J/mol·K   
6
Thermal Conductivity
17.20 W/m·K   
99+
102.50 W/m·K   
15
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
2,223.00 K   
3
Thermal Expansion
10.60 µm/(m·K)   
37
83.30 µm/(m·K)   
3
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
393.00 kJ/mol   
18
77.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.15 kJ/mol   
16
2.32 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
418.00 kJ/mol   
18
89.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
44.40 J/mol.K   
33
64.70 J/mol.K   
18
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