Zinc vs Magnesium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Zn
Mg
Group Number
12
6
2
16
Period Number
4
3
Block
d block
s block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440666
24
7439954
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Indian metallurgists
Joseph Black
Discovery
Before 1000 BCE
In 1755
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-5 %
11
6 * 10-2 %
2
Abundance In Sun
~0.0002 %
10
~0.07 %
2
Abundance In Meteorites
0.02 %
12
12.00 %
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
16
2.90 %
4
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
10
0.13 %
2
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
6
0.03 %
4
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
- It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
- It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3
6
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3
5
In Bone
170.00 p.p.m.
6
1,800.00 p.p.m.
4
Physical Properties
Melting Point
419.58 °C
99+
650.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
907.00 °C
99+
1,107.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Gray
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
327.00 MPa
32
260.00 MPa
36
Speed of Sound
3,850.00 m/s
18
4,940.00 m/s
11
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.00
2
Not Available
Reflectivity
80.00 %
5
74.00 %
7
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Zn
Mg
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
25
14
15
24
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.65
19
1.31
31
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.23
6
1.32
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.66
7
1.23
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.65
11
1.37
16
Allen Electronegativity
1.59
22
1.29
35
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.35
35
2.69
23
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol
6
737.70 kJ/mol
24
2nd Energy Level
1,733.30 kJ/mol
27
1,450.70 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,833.00 kJ/mol
12
7,732.70 kJ/mol
5
4th Energy Level
5,731.00 kJ/mol
11
10,542.50 kJ/mol
4
5th Energy Level
7,970.00 kJ/mol
9
13,630.00 kJ/mol
3
6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/mol
9
18,020.00 kJ/mol
3
7th Energy level
12,900.00 kJ/mol
9
21,711.00 kJ/mol
3
8th Energy Level
16,800.00 kJ/mol
6
25,661.00 kJ/mol
3
9th Energy Level
19,600.00 kJ/mol
8
31,653.00 kJ/mol
3
10th Energy Level
23,000.00 kJ/mol
10
35,458.00 kJ/mol
5
11th Energy Level
26,400.00 kJ/mol
11
169,988.00 kJ/mol
1
12th Energy Level
29,990.00 kJ/mol
11
189,368.00 kJ/mol
1
13th Energy Level
40,490.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
14th Energy Level
43,800.00 kJ/mol
6
Not Available
15th Energy Level
47,300.00 kJ/mol
8
Not Available
16th Energy Level
52,300.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
17th Energy Level
55,900.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
18th Energy Level
59,700.00 kJ/mol
11
Not Available
19th Energy Level
67,300.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
20th Energy Level
171,200.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
21st Energy Level
179,100.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.22 g/amp-hr
99+
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.33 eV
17
3.66 eV
29
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
30
99+
12
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
[Ne] 3s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
30
99+
12
99+
Number of Neutrons
35
99+
12
99+
Number of Electrons
30
99+
12
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm
99+
160.00 pm
27
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm
99+
141.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
139.00 pm
99+
173.00 pm
37
Atomic Weight
65.38 amu
99+
24.31 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
9.20 cm3/mol
99+
13.97 cm3/mol
37
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
38.90 (-eV)
99+
40.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
266.49 pm
99+
320.94 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.14 g/cm3
99+
1.74 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.57 g/cm3
37
1.58 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa
18
17.00 GPa
37
Bulk Modulus
70.00 GPa
19
45.00 GPa
25
Young's Modulus
108.00 GPa
19
45.00 GPa
39
Poisson Ratio
0.25
24
0.29
15
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.90
99+
1.74
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
59.00 nΩ·m
40
43.90 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.17 106/cm Ω
12
0.23 106/cm Ω
7
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.39 J/(kg K)
14
1.02 J/(kg K)
4
Molar Heat Capacity
25.47 J/mol·K
39
24.87 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
116.00 W/m·K
14
156.00 W/m·K
8
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
30.20 µm/(m·K)
11
24.80 µm/(m·K)
15
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
128.70 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
8.95 kJ/mol
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
129.70 kJ/mol
99+
148.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K
36
32.70 J/mol.K
99+
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