Zirconium Cesium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Zr
Cs
Group Number
4
14
1
17
Period Number
5
6
Block
d block
s block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkali
CAS Number
7440677
23
7440462
40
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
- Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
Not Available
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Discovery
In 1789
In 1860
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-6 %
13
8 * 10-8 %
24
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %
16
~0.0000008 %
20
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
17
0.00 %
38
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
14
0.00 %
35
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
23
0.00 %
17
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
15
0.00 %
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
- Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
- The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
- In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
NA
Mildly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
21
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
28
In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.
23
0.05 p.p.m.
26
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,852.00 °C
15
28.50 °C
99+
Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C
11
678.40 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gold
Luster
Lustrous
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
5.00
8
0.20
25
Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa
19
0.14 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa
15
Not Available
Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s
20
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Zr
Cs
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
24
15
36
3
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.33
30
0.79
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90
25
0.22
33
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22
26
0.86
99+
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
0.62
26
Allen Electronegativity
1.32
34
0.66
99+
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.67
24
3.21
2
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol
99+
375.70 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,234.30 kJ/mol
8
3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,400.00 kJ/mol
16
4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol
15
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr
99+
4.96 g/amp-hr
3
Electron Work Function
4.05 eV
26
2.14 eV
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
40
99+
55
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
[Xe] 6s1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
40
99+
55
99+
Number of Neutrons
51
99+
78
99+
Number of Electrons
40
99+
55
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm
27
265.00 pm
1
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm
23
244.00 pm
2
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
343.00 pm
2
Atomic Weight
91.22 amu
99+
132.91 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol
36
71.07 cm3/mol
1
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)
18
8.62 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
323.20 pm
99+
614.10 pm
5
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59
8
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm3
99+
1.93 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3
99+
1.84 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa
12
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
21
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa
20
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa
17
1.60 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa
22
1.70 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.34
10
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.51
99+
1.87
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m
11
205.00 nΩ·m
17
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω
35
Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol
27
45.50 kJ/mol
25
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)
19
0.24 J/(kg K)
23
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K
99+
32.21 J/mol·K
4
Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K
99+
35.90 W/m·K
36
Critical Temperature
Not Available
1,938.00 K
5
Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)
99+
97.00 µm/(m·K)
1
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol
9
65.90 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol
11
2.10 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol
10
78.20 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K
39
85.20 J/mol.K
3
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