Zirconium Nickel Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Zr
Ni
Group Number
4
14
10
8
Period Number
5
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440677
23
7440020
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
- Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt
Discovery
In 1789
In 1751
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-6 %
13
6 * 10-3 %
4
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %
16
~0.008 %
3
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
17
1.30 %
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
14
0.01 %
15
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
23
0.00 %
13
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
15
0.00 %
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
- Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
- It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
- Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
NA
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
21
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3
17
In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.
23
0.70 p.p.m.
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,852.00 °C
15
1,453.00 °C
31
Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C
11
2,732.00 °C
38
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
5.00
8
4.00
10
Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa
19
667.00 MPa
18
Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa
15
638.00 MPa
16
Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s
20
4,900.00 m/s
12
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
72.00 %
9
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Zr
Ni
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
24
15
25
14
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.33
30
1.91
10
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90
25
1.94
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22
26
1.75
3
Allen Electronegativity
1.32
34
1.88
6
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.67
24
2.09
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol
99+
737.10 kJ/mol
25
2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,753.00 kJ/mol
25
3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,395.00 kJ/mol
17
4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol
99+
5,300.00 kJ/mol
15
5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol
10
7,339.00 kJ/mol
15
6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol
15
10,400.00 kJ/mol
9
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,800.00 kJ/mol
10
8th Energy Level
Not Available
15,600.00 kJ/mol
10
9th Energy Level
Not Available
18,600.00 kJ/mol
10
10th Energy Level
Not Available
21,670.00 kJ/mol
14
11th Energy Level
Not Available
30,970.00 kJ/mol
7
12th Energy Level
Not Available
34,000.00 kJ/mol
7
13th Energy Level
Not Available
37,100.00 kJ/mol
7
14th Energy Level
Not Available
41,500.00 kJ/mol
8
15th Energy Level
Not Available
44,800.00 kJ/mol
10
16th Energy Level
Not Available
48,100.00 kJ/mol
12
17th Energy Level
Not Available
55,101.00 kJ/mol
11
18th Energy Level
Not Available
58,570.00 kJ/mol
12
19th Energy Level
Not Available
148,700.00 kJ/mol
1
20th Energy Level
Not Available
159,000.00 kJ/mol
3
21st Energy Level
Not Available
169,400.00 kJ/mol
3
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
182,700.00 kJ/mol
2
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
194,000.00 kJ/mol
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.05 eV
26
5.15 eV
2
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
40
99+
28
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
40
99+
28
99+
Number of Neutrons
51
99+
31
99+
Number of Electrons
40
99+
28
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm
27
124.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm
23
124.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
163.00 pm
40
Atomic Weight
91.22 amu
99+
58.69 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol
36
6.59 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)
18
42.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
323.20 pm
99+
352.40 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59
8
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm3
99+
8.91 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3
99+
7.81 g/cm3
29
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa
12
345.00 MPa
11
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
31
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
21
19.50 (Pa)
6
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa
20
76.00 GPa
12
Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa
17
180.00 GPa
9
Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa
22
200.00 GPa
11
Poisson Ratio
0.34
10
0.31
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.51
99+
8.90
33
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
0.00 H/m
2
Susceptibility
Not Available
600.00
2
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m
11
69.30 nΩ·m
39
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω
13
Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol
27
112.00 kJ/mol
6
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)
19
0.44 J/(kg K)
13
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K
99+
26.07 J/mol·K
31
Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K
99+
90.90 W/m·K
18
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)
99+
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol
9
371.80 kJ/mol
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol
11
17.57 kJ/mol
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol
10
422.60 kJ/mol
17
Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K
39
29.90 J/mol.K
99+
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