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Zirconium Nickel Comparison

Zirconium
Nickel
Nickel Zirconium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Zr  
Ni  
Group Number
4  
14
10  
8
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440677  
23
7440020  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth  
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt  
Discovery
In 1789  
In 1751  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
14
0.01 %  
5
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
16
0.01 %  
3
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
17
1.30 %  
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
14
0.01 %  
15
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
21
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3  
17
In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.  
28
0.70 p.p.m.  
20
Physical
Melting Point
1,852.00 °C  
15
1,453.00 °C  
31
Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C  
11
2,732.00 °C  
40
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Lustrous  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00  
8
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa  
21
667.00 MPa  
20
Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa  
22
638.00 MPa  
24
Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s  
27
4,900.00 m/s  
16
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.15  
10
1.68  
28
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
72.00 %  
11
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Zr  
Ni  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
24  
15
25  
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.33  
31
1.91  
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90  
99+
1.94  
12
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.75  
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.33  
32
1.91  
12
Allen Electronegativity
1.32  
39
1.88  
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.67  
24
2.09  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
737.10 kJ/mol  
25
2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,753.00 kJ/mol  
26
3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,395.00 kJ/mol  
17
4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,300.00 kJ/mol  
24
5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol  
16
7,339.00 kJ/mol  
23
6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol  
21
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
15
7th Energy level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,800.00 kJ/mol  
10
8th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
9th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
40
18,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
10th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21,670.00 kJ/mol  
14
11th Energy Level
6,406.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30,970.00 kJ/mol  
7
12th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
34,000.00 kJ/mol  
29
13th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
36
37,100.00 kJ/mol  
7
14th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
41,500.00 kJ/mol  
8
15th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
36
44,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
27
48,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
55,101.00 kJ/mol  
11
18th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
38
58,570.00 kJ/mol  
12
19th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
148,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
20th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
39
159,000.00 kJ/mol  
3
21st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
169,400.00 kJ/mol  
3
22nd Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
33
182,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
23rd Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
194,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
24th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
35
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
25th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
37
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
26th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
36
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
27th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
38
737.10 kJ/mol  
20
28th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
737.10 kJ/mol  
26
29th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
737.10 kJ/mol  
27
30th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
39
737.00 kJ/mol  
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.05 eV  
34
5.15 eV  
6
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
40  
99+
28  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2  
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
40  
99+
28  
99+
Number of Neutrons
51  
99+
31  
99+
Number of Electrons
40  
99+
28  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm  
29
124.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm  
25
124.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
163.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
91.22 amu  
99+
58.69 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol  
99+
6.59 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Yttrium
  
Cobalt
  
Next Element
Niobium
  
Copper
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)  
18
42.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
323.20 pm  
99+
352.40 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
25
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm3  
99+
8.91 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3  
99+
7.81 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa  
14
345.00 MPa  
13
Viscosity
0.00  
12
0.00  
8
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
33
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
21
19.50 (Pa)  
6
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa  
23
76.00 GPa  
12
Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa  
18
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa  
24
200.00 GPa  
12
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.51  
99+
8.90  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Ferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
2
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
600.00  
2
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m  
11
69.30 nΩ·m  
39
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω  
14
Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol  
32
112.00 kJ/mol  
7
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K  
99+
26.07 J/mol·K  
39
Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K  
99+
90.90 W/m·K  
18
Critical Temperature
2,128.00 K  
17
1,728.00 K  
35
Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol  
11
371.80 kJ/mol  
29
Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol  
11
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol  
12
422.60 kJ/mol  
22
Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K  
99+
29.90 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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