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Zirconium vs Nobelium

Zirconium
Nobelium
Nobelium vs Zirconium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Zr  
No  
Group Number
4  
14
3  
15
Period Number
5  
7  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440677  
23
10028145  
16
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
-  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  
  • The most stable isotope of Nobelium metal is No-259.
  • No-259 has a half-life of fifty-eight minutes.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Bombarding Curium-246 or Curium-249 with Carbon-12 Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Discovery
In 1789  
In 1966  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
14
-  
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
16
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
17
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
14
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
23
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
18
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  
  • Currently known uses of Nobelium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
21
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.  
28
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,852.00 °C  
15
827.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C  
11
2,600.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
-  
Luster
Lustrous  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00  
8
-  
Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa  
21
500.00 MPa  
28
Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa  
22
500.00 MPa  
35
Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s  
27
1,100.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.15  
10
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
61.00 %  
22
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Zr  
No  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
24  
15
13  
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.33  
31
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90  
99+
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.33  
32
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.32  
39
1.10  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.67  
24
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
642.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,254.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,643.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,956.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol  
16
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
35
6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol  
21
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
40
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
6,406.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,420.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
8
13th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
36
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
36
14th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
26
15th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
36
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
36
16th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
27
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
27
17th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
641.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
38
3,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
39
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
917.00 kJ/mol  
34
22nd Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
33
627.00 kJ/mol  
36
23rd Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
6,410.00 kJ/mol  
12
24th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
35
627.00 kJ/mol  
39
25th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
37
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
36
601.20 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
38
641.00 kJ/mol  
37
28th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
641.60 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
641.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
39
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr  
99+
4.83 g/amp-hr  
4
Electron Work Function
4.05 eV  
34
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
40  
99+
102  
16
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2  
[Rn] 5f14 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Not Known  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100  
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Nobelium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
40  
99+
102  
16
Number of Neutrons
51  
99+
157  
8
Number of Electrons
40  
99+
102  
16
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm  
29
176.00 pm  
20
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm  
25
157.00 pm  
33
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
246.00 pm  
12
Atomic Weight
91.22 amu  
99+
259.00 amu  
13
Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol  
99+
19.80 cm3/mol  
33
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Yttrium
  
Mendelevium
  
Next Element
Niobium
  
Lawrencium
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)  
18
26.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
323.20 pm  
99+
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
25
1.76  
5
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm3  
99+
9.90 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3  
99+
9.90 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa  
14
80.00 MPa  
29
Viscosity
0.00  
12
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
21
0.00 (Pa)  
28
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa  
23
27.00 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa  
18
8.70 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa  
24
12.30 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.51  
99+
9.90  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
3
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m  
11
0.68 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol  
32
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K  
99+
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K  
99+
0.10 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,128.00 K  
17
1,100.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol  
11
-  
Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol  
11
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol  
12
390.40 kJ/mol  
30
Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K  
99+
63.00 J/mol.K  
24
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