Symbol
Zr
  
Zr
  
Period Number
5
  
5
  
Block
d block
  
d block
  
Element Family
Transition Metal
  
Transition Metal
  
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
  
P63/mmc
  
Interesting Facts
- Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
- Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  
- Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
- Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
  
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
  
Discovery
In 1789
  
In 1789
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %
  
16
~0.000004 %
  
16
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Uses & Benefits
- As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
- Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  
- As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
- Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
  
Medical Uses
NA
  
NA
  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
  
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
NA
  
NA
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
Yes
  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
  
21
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
  
21
In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.
  
23
0.10 p.p.m.
  
23
Melting Point
1,852.00 °C
  
15
1,852.00 °C
  
15
Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C
  
11
4,377.00 °C
  
11
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery White
  
Silvery White
  
Luster
Lustrous
  
Lustrous
  
Hardness
  
  
Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s
  
20
3,800.00 m/s
  
20
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Zr
  
Zr
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol
  
99+
640.10 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,270.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
2,218.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3,313.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol
  
10
7,752.00 kJ/mol
  
10
6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol
  
15
9,500.00 kJ/mol
  
15
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr
  
99+
0.85 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
  
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
  
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
  
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100
  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol
  
36
14.10 cm3/mol
  
36
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)
  
18
80.00 (-eV)
  
18
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm
3
  
99+
6.52 g/cm
3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3
  
99+
5.80 g/cm3
  
99+
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
  
Ductile, Malleable
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
  
Paramagnetic
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor
  
Conductor
  
Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m
  
11
421.00 nΩ·m
  
11
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 10
6/cm Ω
  
99+
0.02 10
6/cm Ω
  
99+
Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol
  
27
41.10 kJ/mol
  
27
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)
  
19
0.27 J/(kg K)
  
19
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K
  
99+
25.36 J/mol·K
  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K
  
99+
22.60 W/m·K
  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
5.70 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol
  
9
581.60 kJ/mol
  
9
Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol
  
11
20.90 kJ/mol
  
11
Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol
  
10
598.00 kJ/mol
  
10
Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K
  
39
39.00 J/mol.K
  
39