Cesium vs Promethium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Cs
Pm
Group Number
1
17
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
s block
f block
Element Family
Alkali
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440462
40
7440122
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Not Available
Space Group Number
229.00
1
Not Available
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available
- Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
- Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
Discovery
In 1860
In 1942
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-8 %
24
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000008 %
20
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
38
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
35
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
17
Not Available
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
17
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
- In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
- It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
- Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
28
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
0.05 p.p.m.
26
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
28.50 °C
99+
1,042.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
678.40 °C
99+
3,000.00 °C
31
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gold
Unknown
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.20
25
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
0.14 MPa
99+
Not Available
Speed of Sound
Not Available
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cs
Pm
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
36
3
27
12
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.79
99+
Not Available
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.22
33
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.86
99+
1.07
32
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.62
26
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
0.66
99+
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.21
2
Not Available
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol
99+
540.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,234.30 kJ/mol
8
1,050.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,400.00 kJ/mol
16
2,150.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
3,970.00 kJ/mol
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.96 g/amp-hr
3
1.80 g/amp-hr
36
Electron Work Function
2.14 eV
99+
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
55
99+
61
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s1
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
55
99+
61
99+
Number of Neutrons
78
99+
84
40
Number of Electrons
55
99+
61
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
265.00 pm
1
183.00 pm
10
Covalent Radius
244.00 pm
2
199.00 pm
12
Van der Waals Radius
343.00 pm
2
236.00 pm
16
Atomic Weight
132.91 amu
99+
145.00 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
71.07 cm3/mol
1
22.39 cm3/mol
12
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
8.62 (-eV)
99+
44.10 (-eV)
39
Lattice Constant
614.10 pm
5
Not Available
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
Unknown
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.93 g/cm3
99+
7.26 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.84 g/cm3
99+
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
18.00 GPa
36
Bulk Modulus
1.60 GPa
99+
33.00 GPa
36
Young's Modulus
1.70 GPa
99+
46.00 GPa
38
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.28
17
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.87
99+
7.26
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
205.00 nΩ·m
17
0.75 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω
35
Not Available
Electron Affinity
45.50 kJ/mol
25
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)
23
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
Molar Heat Capacity
32.21 J/mol·K
4
Not Available
Thermal Conductivity
35.90 W/m·K
36
17.90 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
1,938.00 K
5
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
97.00 µm/(m·K)
1
9.00 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
65.90 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.10 kJ/mol
99+
7.50 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
78.20 kJ/mol
99+
310.00 kJ/mol
34
Standard Molar Entropy
85.20 J/mol.K
3
Not Available
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