Osmium vs Americium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Os
Am
Group Number
8
10
Not Available
Period Number
6
7
Block
d block
f block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Actinide
CAS Number
7440042
99+
7440359
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
- But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
- Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
- Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons
History
Who Discovered
Smithson Tennant
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso
Discovery
In 1803
In 1944
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-7 %
21
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
28
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
- Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
- In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
Not Available
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,045.00 °C
3
994.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
5,027.00 °C
6
2,607.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
7.00
3
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
3,490.00 MPa
1
Not Available
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s
11
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Os
Am
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
16
23
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20
4
1.30
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.52
12
1.20
27
Allen Electronegativity
1.65
19
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80
99+
2.70
22
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol
12
578.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,309.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,158.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,600.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,132.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
3,493.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr
38
3.02 g/amp-hr
17
Electron Work Function
4.83 eV
8
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
76
40
95
23
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
[Rn] 5f7 7s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Americium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
76
39
95
23
Number of Neutrons
114
25
148
12
Number of Electrons
76
39
95
23
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
133.80 pm
99+
173.00 pm
21
Covalent Radius
Not Available
180.00 pm
21
Van der Waals Radius
216.00 pm
24
244.00 pm
10
Atomic Weight
190.23 amu
35
243.00 amu
20
Atomic Volume
8.49 cm3/mol
99+
17.86 cm3/mol
29
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
91.40 (-eV)
12
44.00 (-eV)
40
Lattice Constant
273.44 pm
99+
346.81 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58
14
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
22.59 g/cm3
9
12.00 g/cm3
30
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.00 g/cm3
1
Not Available
Tensile Strength
1,000.00 MPa
4
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
13
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
28
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
222.00 GPa
1
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
462.00 GPa
1
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.25
24
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
22.57
2
13.67
15
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Unknown
Resistivity
81.20 nΩ·m
35
0.69 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω
18
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
106.10 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.11 J/(kg K)
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
24.70 J/mol·K
99+
62.70 J/mol·K
1
Thermal Conductivity
87.60 W/m·K
19
10.00 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
5.10 µm/(m·K)
99+
Not Available
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
627.60 kJ/mol
7
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
29.30 kJ/mol
4
14.39 kJ/mol
24
Enthalpy of Atomization
669.00 kJ/mol
6
268.00 kJ/mol
40
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K
99+
Not Available
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