Europium vs Yttrium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Eu
Y
Group Number
Not Available
3
15
Period Number
6
5
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440531
34
7440655
25
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
229.00
1
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available
- Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
- Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay
Johan Gadolin
Discovery
In 1896
In 1794
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %
27
7 * 10-7 %
17
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000005 %
27
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
21
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
36
0.00 %
22
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
25
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
- It is used in low energy light bulbs.
- Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
- It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
26
In Bone
Not Available
0.07 p.p.m.
25
Physical Properties
Melting Point
822.00 °C
99+
1,523.00 °C
27
Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C
99+
3,337.00 °C
21
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Lustrous
NA
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
589.00 MPa
22
Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPa
34
Not Available
Speed of Sound
Not Available
3,300.00 m/s
23
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Eu
Y
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
31
8
19
20
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20
39
1.22
38
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.01
22
0.65
29
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available
1.11
29
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.12
38
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
2.78
16
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol
99+
600.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,180.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol
33
5,847.00 kJ/mol
10
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,430.00 kJ/mol
14
6th Energy Level
Not Available
8,970.00 kJ/mol
17
7th Energy level
Not Available
11,190.00 kJ/mol
18
8th Energy Level
Not Available
12,450.00 kJ/mol
18
9th Energy Level
Not Available
14,110.00 kJ/mol
19
10th Energy Level
Not Available
18,400.00 kJ/mol
17
11th Energy Level
Not Available
19,900.00 kJ/mol
18
12th Energy Level
Not Available
36,090.00 kJ/mol
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr
33
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.50 eV
99+
3.10 eV
35
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
63
99+
39
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2
[Kr] 4d1 5s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
63
99+
39
99+
Number of Neutrons
89
38
50
99+
Number of Electrons
63
99+
39
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm
14
180.00 pm
14
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm
13
190.00 pm
18
Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm
18
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
151.96 amu
99+
88.91 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/mol
8
19.80 cm3/mol
21
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)
35
48.00 (-eV)
30
Lattice Constant
458.10 pm
17
364.74 pm
31
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.57
16
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm3
99+
4.47 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm3
99+
4.24 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa
15
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)
4
0.00 (Pa)
32
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
4.27 (Pa)
10
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
7.90 GPa
99+
25.60 GPa
30
Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPa
99+
41.20 GPa
30
Young's Modulus
18.20 GPa
99+
63.50 GPa
32
Poisson Ratio
0.15
34
0.24
26
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
5.24
99+
4.47
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·m
99+
596.00 nΩ·m
8
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
29.60 kJ/mol
30
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
0.30 J/(kg K)
18
Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·K
16
26.53 J/mol·K
27
Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·K
99+
17.20 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)
8
10.60 µm/(m·K)
37
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/mol
99+
393.00 kJ/mol
18
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/mol
37
17.15 kJ/mol
16
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol
99+
418.00 kJ/mol
18
Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.K
4
44.40 J/mol.K
33
|
||
|
||
|
