Lithium vs Tungsten
Periodic Table
Symbol
Li
W
Group Number
1
17
6
12
Period Number
2
6
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkali
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439932
99+
7440337
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
- Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
- Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson
Not Available
Discovery
In 1817
In 1781
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-7 %
18
5 * 10-8 %
27
Abundance In Sun
~0.00017 %
11
~0.0000004 %
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
22
0.00 %
39
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
39
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
15
0.00 %
18
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
16
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
- Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
- Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
NA
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
27
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
31
In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.
17
0.00 p.p.m.
35
Physical Properties
Melting Point
180.54 °C
99+
3,410.00 °C
1
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C
99+
5,660.00 °C
1
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Grayish White
Luster
NA
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.60
21
7.50
2
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa
99+
2,000.00 MPa
4
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
3,430.00 MPa
1
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s
3
4,620.00 m/s
16
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
62.00 %
13
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Li
W
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
8
30
33
6
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.98
99+
2.36
2
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89
26
0.98
23
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97
38
1.40
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.97
19
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
0.91
99+
1.47
29
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.02
8
1.64
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol
99+
770.00 kJ/mol
16
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol
3
1,700.00 kJ/mol
29
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr
99+
1.14 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.90 eV
37
4.55 eV
13
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
3
99+
74
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
3
99+
74
99+
Number of Neutrons
4
99+
110
27
Number of Electrons
3
99+
74
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
152.00 pm
31
139.00 pm
39
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm
99+
162.00 pm
29
Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm
35
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
6.94 amu
99+
183.84 amu
37
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol
39
9.53 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)
99+
140.00 (-eV)
5
Lattice Constant
351.00 pm
99+
316.52 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3
99+
19.25 g/cm3
16
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3
99+
17.60 g/cm3
5
Tensile Strength
Not Available
370.00 MPa
10
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)
2
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
32
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa
99+
161.00 GPa
5
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa
99+
310.00 GPa
4
Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa
99+
411.00 GPa
4
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.28
17
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
0.53
99+
19.22
9
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Superconductor
Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m
33
52.80 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω
19
0.19 106/cm Ω
10
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol
16
78.60 kJ/mol
13
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)
1
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K
99+
24.27 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K
20
173.00 W/m·K
7
Critical Temperature
3,223.00 K
1
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)
7
4.50 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol
99+
799.10 kJ/mol
1
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol
99+
35.23 kJ/mol
1
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol
99+
837.00 kJ/mol
1
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K
99+
32.60 J/mol.K
99+
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