Lithium vs Indium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Li
In
Group Number
1
17
13
5
Period Number
2
5
Block
s block
p block
Element Family
Alkali
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7439932
99+
7440746
17
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
I4/mmm
Space Group Number
229.00
1
139.00
8
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Heat capacity of Lithium is very high.
- Lithium inflammable and highly explosive metal, hence it has to be stored properly.
- Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
- Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Johan August Arfwedson
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter
Discovery
In 1817
In 1863
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-7 %
18
3 * 10-8 %
28
Abundance In Sun
~0.00017 %
11
~0.0000004 %
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
22
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
15
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
16
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- The main usage of Lithium is manufacturing rechargeable batteries for electronic equipment and gadgets.
- it is also used in manufacturing non-rechargeable batteries.
- It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
- Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Medical Research
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Biological Properties
Toxicity
NA
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
27
Not Available
In Bone
1.30 p.p.m.
17
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
180.54 °C
99+
156.61 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,347.00 °C
99+
2,000.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray
Luster
NA
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.60
21
1.20
20
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa
99+
8.80 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
6,000.00 m/s
3
1,215.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Li
In
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
8
30
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.98
99+
1.78
16
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89
26
2.14
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97
38
1.49
13
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.97
19
1.76
10
Allen Electronegativity
0.91
99+
1.66
18
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.02
8
2.22
38
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
520.20 kJ/mol
99+
558.30 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
7,298.10 kJ/mol
3
1,820.70 kJ/mol
18
3rd Energy Level
11,815.00 kJ/mol
4
2,704.00 kJ/mol
39
4th Energy Level
Not Available
5,210.00 kJ/mol
17
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.26 g/amp-hr
99+
1.43 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.90 eV
37
4.12 eV
24
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
3
99+
49
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s1
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Tetragonal (TETR)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
3
99+
49
99+
Number of Neutrons
4
99+
66
99+
Number of Electrons
3
99+
49
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
152.00 pm
31
167.00 pm
24
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm
99+
142.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
182.00 pm
35
193.00 pm
31
Atomic Weight
6.94 amu
99+
114.82 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol
39
15.70 cm3/mol
33
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
19.00 (-eV)
99+
54.00 (-eV)
25
Lattice Constant
351.00 pm
99+
325.23 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
0.53 g/cm3
99+
7.31 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.51 g/cm3
99+
7.02 g/cm3
33
Tensile Strength
Not Available
2.50 MPa
21
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
109.00 (Pa)
2
0.01 (Pa)
11
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
4.20 GPa
99+
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
11.00 GPa
99+
Not Available
Young's Modulus
4.90 GPa
99+
11.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
0.53
99+
7.31
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
92.80 nΩ·m
33
83.70 nΩ·m
34
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω
19
0.12 106/cm Ω
17
Electron Affinity
59.60 kJ/mol
16
28.90 kJ/mol
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
3.60 J/(kg K)
1
0.23 J/(kg K)
27
Molar Heat Capacity
24.86 J/mol·K
99+
26.74 J/mol·K
25
Thermal Conductivity
84.80 W/m·K
20
81.80 W/m·K
21
Critical Temperature
3,223.00 K
1
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
46.00 µm/(m·K)
7
32.10 µm/(m·K)
9
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
134.70 kJ/mol
99+
226.40 kJ/mol
40
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.00 kJ/mol
99+
3.28 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
160.70 kJ/mol
99+
242.70 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
29.10 J/mol.K
99+
57.80 J/mol.K
22
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