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Radium vs Rubidium

Radium
Rubidium
Rubidium vs Radium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ra  
Rb  
Group Number
2  
16
1  
17
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
s block  
s block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Alkali  
CAS Number
7440144  
99+
7440177  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Obtained from Lithium Production.  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff  
Discovery
In 1898  
In 1861  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
8
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
-  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
34
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3  
7
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
5.00 p.p.m.  
13
Physical
Melting Point
700.00 °C  
99+
38.89 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C  
99+
688.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Grayish White  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.00  
22
0.30  
26
Brinell Hardness
700.00 MPa  
17
0.22 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
140.00 MPa  
99+
0.22 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,150.00 m/s  
37
1,300.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
1.54  
35
Reflectivity
83.00 %  
6
52.00 %  
29
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ra  
Rb  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.90  
99+
0.82  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
0.31  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97  
39
0.89  
99+
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.92  
99+
0.69  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
0.71  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.10  
5
3.18  
3
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,633.00 kJ/mol  
6
3rd Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
3,860.00 kJ/mol  
11
4th Energy Level
5,093.00 kJ/mol  
27
5,080.00 kJ/mol  
28
5th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,850.00 kJ/mol  
31
6th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,140.00 kJ/mol  
31
7th Energy level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,570.00 kJ/mol  
20
8th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13,120.00 kJ/mol  
17
9th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14,500.00 kJ/mol  
18
10th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26,740.00 kJ/mol  
6
11th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
40,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
40,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
403.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr  
6
3.19 g/amp-hr  
16
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
2.16 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
88  
30
37  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s2  
[Kr] 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
88  
30
37  
99+
Number of Neutrons
138  
17
48  
99+
Number of Electrons
88  
30
37  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
215.00 pm  
6
248.00 pm  
3
Covalent Radius
221.00 pm  
3
220.00 pm  
4
Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm  
5
303.00 pm  
4
Atomic Weight
226.00 amu  
26
85.47 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol  
5
55.90 cm3/mol  
3
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Francium
  
Gallium
  
Next Element
Actinium
  
Strontium
  
Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)  
99+
9.47 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
514.80 pm  
15
558.50 pm  
11
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
99+
1.59  
28
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
1.53 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
1.46 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa  
99+
30.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
2
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
33
0.00 (Pa)  
35
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
25.00 GPa  
38
2.50 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
43.00 GPa  
33
2.50 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa  
25
2.40 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.31  
13
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.00  
99+
1.53  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
9
0.00 H/m  
11
Susceptibility
0.00  
18
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m  
31
128.00 nΩ·m  
26
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω  
29
Electron Affinity
0.90 kJ/mol  
99+
46.90 kJ/mol  
29
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.36 J/(kg K)  
17
Molar Heat Capacity
20.05 J/mol·K  
99+
31.06 J/mol·K  
7
Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K  
99+
58.20 W/m·K  
26
Critical Temperature
973.00 K  
99+
2,093.00 K  
18
Thermal Expansion
8.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
90.00 µm/(m·K)  
2
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
113.00 kJ/mol  
99+
69.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.60 kJ/mol  
99+
2.19 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol  
99+
82.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K  
14
76.80 J/mol.K  
5
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