Aluminium Hafnium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Al
Hf
Group Number
13
5
4
14
Period Number
3
6
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7429905
99+
7440586
30
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
- Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
- It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.
- Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
- Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining
By-product Zirconium Refining
History
Who Discovered
Hans Christian Oersted
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy
Discovery
In 1825
In 1922
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-3 %
5
7 * 10-8 %
25
Abundance In Sun
~0.006 %
5
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.91 %
5
0.00 %
37
Abundance In Earth's Crust
8.10 %
1
0.00 %
31
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
6
0.00 %
27
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
10
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.
- It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
- It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Ammunition Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.39 Blood/mg dm-3
9
Not Available
In Bone
27.00 p.p.m.
11
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
660.37 °C
99+
2,150.00 °C
10
Boiling Point
2,467.00 °C
99+
5,400.00 °C
5
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.75
13
5.50
7
Brinell Hardness
160.00 MPa
99+
1,450.00 MPa
6
Vickers Hardness
160.00 MPa
35
1,520.00 MPa
5
Speed of Sound
5,000.00 m/s
10
3,010.00 m/s
27
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
71.00 %
10
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Al
Hf
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
11
27
32
7
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.61
22
1.30
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.71
13
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47
14
1.23
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.83
8
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.61
20
1.16
37
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.39
32
2.70
22
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
577.50 kJ/mol
99+
658.50 kJ/mol
40
2nd Energy Level
1,816.70 kJ/mol
19
1,440.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,744.80 kJ/mol
38
2,250.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
11,577.00 kJ/mol
3
3,216.00 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
14,842.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
6th Energy Level
18,379.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
7th Energy level
23,326.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
8th Energy Level
27,465.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
9th Energy Level
31,853.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
10th Energy Level
38,473.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
11th Energy Level
42,647.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.34 g/amp-hr
99+
1.66 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.28 eV
19
3.90 eV
27
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
13
99+
72
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Aluminium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
13
99+
72
99+
Number of Neutrons
14
99+
106
29
Number of Electrons
13
99+
72
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
143.00 pm
37
159.00 pm
28
Covalent Radius
121.00 pm
99+
175.00 pm
23
Van der Waals Radius
184.00 pm
34
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
26.98 amu
99+
178.49 amu
39
Atomic Volume
10.00 cm3/mol
99+
13.60 cm3/mol
38
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
80.70 (-eV)
17
81.00 (-eV)
16
Lattice Constant
404.95 pm
22
319.64 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.58
12
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
2.70 g/cm3
99+
13.31 g/cm3
26
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3
99+
12.00 g/cm3
12
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa
19
445.00 MPa
8
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
18
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
24
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
26.00 GPa
29
30.00 GPa
23
Bulk Modulus
76.00 GPa
18
110.00 GPa
15
Young's Modulus
70.00 GPa
28
78.00 GPa
25
Poisson Ratio
0.35
9
0.37
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
2.72
99+
13.31
18
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
4
Not Available
Susceptibility
0.00
3
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
28.20 nΩ·m
99+
331.00 nΩ·m
14
Electrical Conductivity
0.38 106/cm Ω
4
0.03 106/cm Ω
39
Electron Affinity
42.50 kJ/mol
26
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.90 J/(kg K)
5
0.14 J/(kg K)
37
Molar Heat Capacity
24.20 J/mol·K
99+
25.73 J/mol·K
36
Thermal Conductivity
237.00 W/m·K
4
23.00 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
23.10 µm/(m·K)
17
5.90 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
293.70 kJ/mol
31
661.10 kJ/mol
5
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.67 kJ/mol
35
25.10 kJ/mol
8
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.20 kJ/mol
31
703.00 kJ/mol
5
Standard Molar Entropy
28.30 J/mol.K
99+
43.60 J/mol.K
34
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