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Beryllium Lead Comparison

Beryllium
Lead
Lead Beryllium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Be   
Pb   
Group Number
2   
16
14   
4
Period Number
2   
6   
Block
s block   
p block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440417   
99+
7439921   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1797   
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-7 %   
23
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %   
29
~0.000001 %   
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
35
0.00 %   
26
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
39
0.00 %   
22
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
19
0.00 %   
8
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
32
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3   
11
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
32
30.00 p.p.m.   
10
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C   
36
327.50 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C   
32
1,740.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
White Gray   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50   
7
1.50   
18
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa   
21
38.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa   
4
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s   
2
1,190.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Be   
Pb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
9   
29
35   
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57   
24
1.87   
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81   
12
2.29   
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47   
14
1.55   
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54   
12
2.41   
2
Allen Electronegativity
1.58   
23
1.85   
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43   
30
1.67   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol   
7
715.60 kJ/mol   
31
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol   
23
1,450.50 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol   
2
3,081.50 kJ/mol   
23
4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol   
2
4,083.00 kJ/mol   
35
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,640.00 kJ/mol   
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.87 g/amp-hr   
9
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV   
6
4.25 eV   
21
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
4   
99+
82   
34
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
4   
99+
82   
34
Number of Neutrons
5   
99+
125   
19
Number of Electrons
4   
99+
82   
34
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm   
99+
175.00 pm   
19
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm   
99+
146.00 pm   
38
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm   
99+
202.00 pm   
27
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu   
99+
207.20 amu   
30
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol   
99+
18.17 cm3/mol   
27
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lithium
  
Thallium
  
Next Element
Sodium
  
Bismuth
  
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)   
15
24.20 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm   
99+
495.08 pm   
16
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
18
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3   
99+
11.34 g/cm3   
33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3   
99+
10.66 g/cm3   
15
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
12.00 MPa   
20
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
19
1.64 (Pa)   
7
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa   
7
5.60 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa   
13
46.00 GPa   
24
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa   
7
16.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.03   
35
0.44   
3
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.85   
99+
11.35   
25
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m   
99+
208.00 nΩ·m   
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω   
5
0.05 106/cm Ω   
36
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
35.10 kJ/mol   
28
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)   
2
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K   
99+
26.65 J/mol·K   
26
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K   
6
35.30 W/m·K   
38
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)   
34
28.90 µm/(m·K)   
13
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol   
30
179.40 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol   
30
4.77 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol   
30
194.60 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K   
99+
64.80 J/mol.K   
17
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