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Beryllium vs Vanadium

Beryllium
Vanadium
Vanadium vs Beryllium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Be   
V   
Group Number
2   
16
5   
13
Period Number
2   
4   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440417   
99+
7440622   
27
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Andrés Manuel del Río   
Discovery
In 1797   
In 1801   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-7 %   
23
1 * 10-4 %   
10
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %   
29
~0.00004 %   
13
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.01 %   
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
35
0.02 %   
12
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
39
0.00 %   
14
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
19
0.00 %   
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
32
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
36
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
32
0.00 p.p.m.   
31
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,278.00 °C   
36
1,890.00 °C   
13
Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C   
32
3,380.00 °C   
20
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
White Gray   
Blue-Silver Grey   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50   
7
6.70   
4
Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa   
21
600.00 MPa   
20
Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa   
4
628.00 MPa   
17
Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s   
2
4,560.00 m/s   
17
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
61.00 %   
14
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Be   
V   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
9   
29
22   
17
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.57   
24
1.63   
20
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81   
12
1.39   
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47   
14
1.45   
16
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54   
12
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.58   
23
1.53   
26
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.43   
30
2.37   
34
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol   
7
650.90 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol   
23
1,414.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol   
2
2,830.00 kJ/mol   
35
4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol   
2
4,507.00 kJ/mol   
25
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,298.70 kJ/mol   
23
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
12,363.00 kJ/mol   
5
7th Energy level
Not Available   
14,530.00 kJ/mol   
5
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,730.00 kJ/mol   
7
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,860.00 kJ/mol   
7
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,240.00 kJ/mol   
12
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
24,670.00 kJ/mol   
15
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,730.00 kJ/mol   
12
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
32,446.00 kJ/mol   
12
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
86,450.00 kJ/mol   
1
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
94,170.00 kJ/mol   
2
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
102,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
112,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
121,600.00 kJ/mol   
5
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
130,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
143,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
151,440.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.38 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV   
6
4.30 eV   
18
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
4   
99+
23   
99+
Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2   
[Ar] 3d3 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
4   
99+
23   
99+
Number of Neutrons
5   
99+
28   
99+
Number of Electrons
4   
99+
23   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
112.00 pm   
99+
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
96.00 pm   
99+
153.00 pm   
33
Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm   
99+
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
9.01 amu   
99+
50.94 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol   
99+
8.78 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lithium
  
Titanium
  
Next Element
Sodium
  
Chromium
  
Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)   
15
120.00 (-eV)   
6
Lattice Constant
228.58 pm   
99+
303.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
18
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm3   
99+
6.00 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3   
99+
5.50 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
800.00 MPa   
6
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
19
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.23 (Pa)   
16
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa   
7
47.00 GPa   
16
Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa   
13
160.00 GPa   
11
Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa   
7
128.00 GPa   
15
Poisson Ratio
0.03   
35
0.37   
7
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.85   
99+
5.96   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Superconductor   
Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m   
99+
197.00 nΩ·m   
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω   
5
0.05 106/cm Ω   
35
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
50.60 kJ/mol   
20
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)   
2
0.49 J/(kg K)   
10
Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K   
99+
24.89 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K   
6
30.70 W/m·K   
39
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)   
34
8.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol   
30
458.60 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol   
30
17.57 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol   
30
514.60 kJ/mol   
13
Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K   
99+
28.90 J/mol.K   
99+
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