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Bismuth Hafnium Comparison

Bismuth
Hafnium
Hafnium Bismuth comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi  
Hf  
Group Number
15  
3
4  
14
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440699  
22
7440586  
30
Space Group Name
C12/m1  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
12.00  
15
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
By-product Zirconium Refining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy  
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy  
Discovery
In 1753  
In 1922  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
14
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
37
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
31
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Ammunition Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3  
20
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.  
27
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
271.30 °C  
99+
2,150.00 °C  
10
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C  
99+
5,400.00 °C  
5
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25  
16
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa  
99+
1,450.00 MPa  
6
Vickers Hardness
30.00 MPa  
99+
1,520.00 MPa  
10
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s  
99+
3,010.00 m/s  
39
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.50  
5
2.00  
15
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
71.00 %  
12
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Bi  
Hf  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
32  
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02  
7
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34  
3
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67  
7
1.23  
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15  
8
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
2.01  
5
1.16  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98  
99+
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
658.50 kJ/mol  
40
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol  
34
1,440.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,250.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
38
3,216.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
33
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol  
29
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
37
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
38
10th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
38
6,590.00 kJ/mol  
40
11th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
36
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
40
12th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
32
6,580.00 kJ/mol  
35
14th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
22
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
28
65,800.00 kJ/mol  
34
16th Energy Level
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
23
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
99+
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
6,585.00 kJ/mol  
36
19th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
40
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
658.00 kJ/mol  
37
21st Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
12
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
658.00 kJ/mol  
31
23rd Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
10
658.50 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
27
658.50 kJ/mol  
31
25th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
658.00 kJ/mol  
33
26th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
658.50 kJ/mol  
32
27th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
658.50 kJ/mol  
33
28th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
658.50 kJ/mol  
38
29th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
658.50 kJ/mol  
39
30th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
658.00 kJ/mol  
35
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr  
23
1.66 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV  
29
3.90 eV  
36
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
83  
33
72  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3  
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
83  
33
72  
99+
Number of Neutrons
126  
19
106  
30
Number of Electrons
83  
33
72  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm  
31
159.00 pm  
30
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm  
38
175.00 pm  
25
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm  
33
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu  
29
178.49 amu  
39
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol  
23
13.60 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lead
  
Lutetium
  
Next Element
Polonium
  
Tantalum
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)  
99+
81.00 (-eV)  
16
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm  
2
319.64 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.86  
4
1.58  
34
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3  
99+
13.31 g/cm3  
27
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3  
99+
12.00 g/cm3  
31
Tensile Strength
32.00 MPa  
99+
445.00 MPa  
9
Viscosity
0.00  
29
0.00  
28
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
25
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa  
99+
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa  
99+
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa  
99+
78.00 GPa  
27
Poisson Ratio
0.33  
11
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.79  
99+
13.31  
30
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
20
0.00 H/m  
9
Susceptibility
0.00  
36
0.00  
13
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m  
99+
331.00 nΩ·m  
14
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.03 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol  
13
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.14 J/(kg K)  
38
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
25.73 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K  
99+
23.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
544.00 K  
99+
2,500.00 K  
11
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
5.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol  
99+
661.10 kJ/mol  
6
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol  
39
25.10 kJ/mol  
8
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
5
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K  
32
43.60 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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