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Bismuth vs Erbium

Bismuth
Erbium
Erbium vs Bismuth


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi  
Er  
Group Number
15  
3
Not Available  
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
p block  
f block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440699  
22
7440520  
35
Space Group Name
C12/m1  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
12.00  
12
194.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
  • Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
  • Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy  
Carl Gustaf Mosander  
Discovery
In 1753  
In 1842  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %  
25
2 * 10-7 %  
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %  
14
~0.0000001 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
32
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
36
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
  • It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
  • Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Mildly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3  
20
Not Available  
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.  
22
Not Available  
Physical Properties
Melting Point
271.30 °C  
99+
1,522.00 °C  
28
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C  
99+
2,510.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25  
15
Not Available  
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa  
99+
814.00 MPa  
11
Vickers Hardness
Not Available  
589.00 MPa  
19
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s  
99+
2,830.00 m/s  
28
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bi  
Er  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02  
6
1.24  
36
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34  
3
Not Available  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67  
6
1.11  
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15  
4
Not Available  
Allen Electronegativity
2.01  
4
Not Available  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98  
99+
2.76  
18
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
589.30 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol  
33
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,194.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
28
4,120.00 kJ/mol  
33
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
Not Available  
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol  
19
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr  
19
2.08 g/amp-hr  
28
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV  
22
Not Available  
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
83  
33
68  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3  
[Xe] 4f12 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Erbium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
83  
33
68  
99+
Number of Neutrons
126  
18
99  
33
Number of Electrons
83  
33
68  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm  
29
176.00 pm  
18
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm  
36
189.00 pm  
19
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm  
26
Not Available  
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu  
29
167.26 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol  
14
18.40 cm3/mol  
25
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lead
  
Holmium
  
Next Element
Polonium
  
Thulium
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)  
99+
49.00 (-eV)  
29
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm  
2
355.88 pm  
39
Lattice Angles
NA  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
1.57  
17
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3  
39
9.07 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3  
18
8.86 g/cm3  
23
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available  
0.00 (Pa)  
20
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa  
99+
28.30 GPa  
25
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa  
38
44.40 GPa  
27
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa  
99+
69.90 GPa  
29
Poisson Ratio
0.33  
11
0.24  
28
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
Malleable  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.79  
30
9.07  
32
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
6
Not Available  
Susceptibility
0.00  
6
Not Available  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m  
99+
0.86 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol  
11
50.00 kJ/mol  
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
40
0.17 J/(kg K)  
34
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K  
37
28.12 J/mol·K  
11
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K  
99+
14.50 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
28
12.20 µm/(m·K)  
31
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol  
99+
261.00 kJ/mol  
35
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol  
33
17.20 kJ/mol  
15
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol  
99+
314.00 kJ/mol  
33
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K  
24
73.10 J/mol.K  
11
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