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Erbium vs Bismuth

Erbium
Bismuth
Bismuth vs Erbium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Er   
Bi   
Group Number
Not Available   
15   
3
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
f block   
p block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440520   
35
7440699   
22
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
C12/m1   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
12.00   
12
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
  • Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander   
Claude François Geoffroy   
Discovery
In 1842   
In 1753   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
7 * 10-8 %   
25
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.000006 %   
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
36
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
32
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
36
0.00 %   
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
  • Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic   
Low Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3   
20
In Bone
Not Available   
0.20 p.p.m.   
22
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,522.00 °C   
28
271.30 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,510.00 °C   
99+
1,560.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.25   
15
Brinell Hardness
814.00 MPa   
11
70.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
589.00 MPa   
19
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,830.00 m/s   
28
1,790.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Er   
Bi   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31   
8
33   
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.24   
36
2.02   
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.34   
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.67   
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.15   
4
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.01   
4
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.76   
18
1.98   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
589.30 kJ/mol   
99+
703.00 kJ/mol   
35
2nd Energy Level
1,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,610.00 kJ/mol   
33
3rd Energy Level
2,194.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,466.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33
4,370.00 kJ/mol   
28
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,400.00 kJ/mol   
30
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,520.00 kJ/mol   
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.08 g/amp-hr   
28
2.60 g/amp-hr   
19
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.22 eV   
22
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
68   
99+
83   
33
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f12 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Erbium.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
68   
99+
83   
33
Number of Neutrons
99   
33
126   
18
Number of Electrons
68   
99+
83   
33
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm   
18
156.00 pm   
29
Covalent Radius
189.00 pm   
19
148.00 pm   
36
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
207.00 pm   
26
Atomic Weight
167.26 amu   
99+
208.98 amu   
29
Atomic Volume
18.40 cm3/mol   
25
21.30 cm3/mol   
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Holmium
  
Lead
  
Next Element
Thulium
  
Polonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
49.00 (-eV)   
29
41.90 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
355.88 pm   
39
667.40 pm   
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57   
17
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.07 g/cm3   
99+
9.78 g/cm3   
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.86 g/cm3   
23
10.05 g/cm3   
18
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
20
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
28.30 GPa   
25
12.00 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
44.40 GPa   
27
31.00 GPa   
38
Young's Modulus
69.90 GPa   
29
32.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.24   
28
0.33   
11
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.07   
32
9.79   
30
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
6
Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
6
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
0.86 nΩ·m   
99+
1.29 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
91.20 kJ/mol   
11
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.17 J/(kg K)   
34
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
28.12 J/mol·K   
11
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
Thermal Conductivity
14.50 W/m·K   
99+
7.97 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
12.20 µm/(m·K)   
31
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
261.00 kJ/mol   
35
151.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.20 kJ/mol   
15
10.90 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol   
33
207.10 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
73.10 J/mol.K   
11
56.70 J/mol.K   
24
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