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Bismuth vs Zirconium

Bismuth
Zirconium
Zirconium vs Bismuth


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi  
Zr  
Group Number
15  
3
4  
14
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440699  
22
7440677  
23
Space Group Name
C12/m1  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
12.00  
12
194.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy  
Martin Heinrich Klaproth  
Discovery
In 1753  
In 1789  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %  
25
5 * 10-6 %  
13
Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %  
14
~0.000004 %  
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
14
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Humans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
NA  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3  
20
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
21
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.  
22
0.10 p.p.m.  
23
Physical Properties
Melting Point
271.30 °C  
99+
1,852.00 °C  
15
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C  
99+
4,377.00 °C  
11
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25  
15
5.00  
8
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa  
99+
638.00 MPa  
19
Vickers Hardness
Not Available  
820.00 MPa  
15
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s  
99+
3,800.00 m/s  
20
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bi  
Zr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
24  
15
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02  
6
1.33  
30
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34  
3
0.90  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67  
6
1.22  
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15  
4
Not Available  
Allen Electronegativity
2.01  
4
1.32  
34
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98  
99+
2.67  
24
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol  
33
1,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,218.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
28
3,313.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
7,752.00 kJ/mol  
10
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol  
19
9,500.00 kJ/mol  
15
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr  
19
0.85 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV  
22
4.05 eV  
26
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
83  
33
40  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3  
[Kr] 4d2 5s2  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
83  
33
40  
99+
Number of Neutrons
126  
18
51  
99+
Number of Electrons
83  
33
40  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm  
29
160.00 pm  
27
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm  
36
175.00 pm  
23
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm  
26
200.00 pm  
28
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu  
29
91.22 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol  
14
14.10 cm3/mol  
36
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lead
  
Yttrium
  
Next Element
Polonium
  
Niobium
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)  
99+
80.00 (-eV)  
18
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm  
2
323.20 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
NA  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
1.59  
8
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3  
39
6.52 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3  
18
5.80 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
330.00 MPa  
12
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available  
0.00 (Pa)  
21
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa  
99+
33.00 GPa  
20
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa  
38
91.10 GPa  
17
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa  
99+
88.00 GPa  
22
Poisson Ratio
0.33  
11
0.34  
10
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.79  
30
6.51  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
6
Not Available  
Susceptibility
0.00  
6
Not Available  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m  
99+
421.00 nΩ·m  
11
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol  
11
41.10 kJ/mol  
27
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
40
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K  
37
25.36 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K  
99+
22.60 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
28
5.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol  
99+
581.60 kJ/mol  
9
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol  
33
20.90 kJ/mol  
11
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol  
99+
598.00 kJ/mol  
10
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K  
24
39.00 J/mol.K  
39
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