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Zirconium vs Bismuth

Zirconium
Bismuth
Bismuth vs Zirconium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Zr   
Bi   
Group Number
4   
14
15   
3
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
d block   
p block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440677   
23
7440699   
22
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
C12/m1   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
12.00   
12
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth   
Claude François Geoffroy   
Discovery
In 1789   
In 1753   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-6 %   
13
7 * 10-8 %   
25
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %   
16
~0.000006 %   
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
17
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
14
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
23
0.00 %   
24
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
15
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
NA   
Low Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
21
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3   
20
In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.   
23
0.20 p.p.m.   
22
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,852.00 °C   
15
271.30 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C   
11
1,560.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00   
8
2.25   
15
Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa   
19
70.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa   
15
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s   
20
1,790.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Zr   
Bi   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
24   
15
33   
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.33   
30
2.02   
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90   
25
2.34   
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22   
26
1.67   
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.15   
4
Allen Electronegativity
1.32   
34
2.01   
4
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.67   
24
1.98   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol   
99+
703.00 kJ/mol   
35
2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,610.00 kJ/mol   
33
3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,466.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4,370.00 kJ/mol   
28
5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol   
10
5,400.00 kJ/mol   
30
6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol   
15
8,520.00 kJ/mol   
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.60 g/amp-hr   
19
Electron Work Function
4.05 eV   
26
4.22 eV   
22
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
40   
99+
83   
33
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
40   
99+
83   
33
Number of Neutrons
51   
99+
126   
18
Number of Electrons
40   
99+
83   
33
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm   
27
156.00 pm   
29
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm   
23
148.00 pm   
36
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
207.00 pm   
26
Atomic Weight
91.22 amu   
99+
208.98 amu   
29
Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol   
36
21.30 cm3/mol   
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Yttrium
  
Lead
  
Next Element
Niobium
  
Polonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)   
18
41.90 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
323.20 pm   
99+
667.40 pm   
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59   
8
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm3   
99+
9.78 g/cm3   
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3   
99+
10.05 g/cm3   
18
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa   
12
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
21
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa   
20
12.00 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa   
17
31.00 GPa   
38
Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa   
22
32.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.34   
10
0.33   
11
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.51   
99+
9.79   
30
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
6
Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
6
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m   
11
1.29 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol   
27
91.20 kJ/mol   
11
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)   
19
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K   
99+
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K   
99+
7.97 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)   
99+
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol   
9
151.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol   
11
10.90 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol   
10
207.10 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K   
39
56.70 J/mol.K   
24
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