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Bismuth vs Scandium

Bismuth
Scandium
Scandium vs Bismuth


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi   
Sc   
Group Number
15   
3
3   
15
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440699   
22
7440202   
99+
Space Group Name
C12/m1   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
12.00   
12
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy   
Lars Fredrik Nilson   
Discovery
In 1753   
In 1879   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %   
25
3 * 10-6 %   
15
Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %   
14
~0.000004 %   
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
23
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
24
0.00 %   
32
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3   
20
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
22
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.   
22
0.00 p.p.m.   
34
Physical Properties
Melting Point
271.30 °C   
99+
1,539.00 °C   
24
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C   
99+
2,832.00 °C   
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
Lustrous   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25   
15
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa   
99+
750.00 MPa   
12
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s   
99+
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bi   
Sc   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
13   
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02   
6
1.36   
29
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34   
3
1.02   
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67   
6
1.20   
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15   
4
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
2.01   
4
1.19   
36
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98   
99+
2.64   
25
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol   
35
633.10 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol   
33
1,235.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,388.60 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol   
28
7,090.60 kJ/mol   
6
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol   
30
8,843.00 kJ/mol   
6
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol   
19
10,679.00 kJ/mol   
7
7th Energy level
Not Available   
13,310.00 kJ/mol   
8
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,250.00 kJ/mol   
11
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
17,370.00 kJ/mol   
14
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
21,726.00 kJ/mol   
13
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
24,102.00 kJ/mol   
16
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
66,320.00 kJ/mol   
2
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
73,010.00 kJ/mol   
2
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
80,160.00 kJ/mol   
3
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
89,490.00 kJ/mol   
4
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,400.00 kJ/mol   
5
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
117,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
124,270.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr   
19
0.56 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV   
22
3.50 eV   
31
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
83   
33
21   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3   
[Ar] 3d1 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
83   
33
21   
99+
Number of Neutrons
126   
18
24   
99+
Number of Electrons
83   
33
21   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm   
29
162.00 pm   
26
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm   
36
170.00 pm   
25
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm   
26
211.00 pm   
25
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu   
29
44.96 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol   
14
15.00 cm3/mol   
34
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lead
  
Calcium
  
Next Element
Polonium
  
Titanium
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)   
99+
58.00 (-eV)   
24
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm   
2
330.90 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.59   
7
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3   
39
2.99 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3   
18
2.80 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
91.30 (Pa)   
3
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa   
99+
29.10 GPa   
24
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa   
38
56.60 GPa   
21
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa   
99+
74.40 GPa   
26
Poisson Ratio
0.33   
11
0.28   
18
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.79   
30
2.99   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
6
Not Available   
Susceptibility
0.00   
6
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m   
99+
562.00 nΩ·m   
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol   
11
18.10 kJ/mol   
33
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.60 J/(kg K)   
8
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K   
99+
15.80 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
10.20 µm/(m·K)   
39
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol   
99+
314.20 kJ/mol   
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol   
33
14.10 kJ/mol   
25
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol   
99+
343.00 kJ/mol   
28
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K   
24
34.60 J/mol.K   
99+
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