Bismuth Scandium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi
Sc
Group Number
15
3
3
15
Period Number
6
4
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440699
22
7440202
99+
Space Group Name
C12/m1
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
12.00
12
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
- Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
- Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy
Lars Fredrik Nilson
Discovery
In 1753
In 1879
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %
25
3 * 10-6 %
15
Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %
14
~0.000004 %
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
23
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
24
0.00 %
32
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
- Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
- Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3
20
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
22
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.
22
0.00 p.p.m.
34
Physical Properties
Melting Point
271.30 °C
99+
1,539.00 °C
24
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C
99+
2,832.00 °C
35
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.25
15
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa
99+
750.00 MPa
12
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s
99+
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bi
Sc
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
33
6
13
26
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02
6
1.36
29
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34
3
1.02
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67
6
1.20
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15
4
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
2.01
4
1.19
36
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98
99+
2.64
25
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol
35
633.10 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol
33
1,235.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,388.60 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
7,090.60 kJ/mol
6
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol
30
8,843.00 kJ/mol
6
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol
19
10,679.00 kJ/mol
7
7th Energy level
Not Available
13,310.00 kJ/mol
8
8th Energy Level
Not Available
15,250.00 kJ/mol
11
9th Energy Level
Not Available
17,370.00 kJ/mol
14
10th Energy Level
Not Available
21,726.00 kJ/mol
13
11th Energy Level
Not Available
24,102.00 kJ/mol
16
12th Energy Level
Not Available
66,320.00 kJ/mol
2
13th Energy Level
Not Available
73,010.00 kJ/mol
2
14th Energy Level
Not Available
80,160.00 kJ/mol
3
15th Energy Level
Not Available
89,490.00 kJ/mol
4
16th Energy Level
Not Available
97,400.00 kJ/mol
5
17th Energy Level
Not Available
105,600.00 kJ/mol
6
18th Energy Level
Not Available
117,000.00 kJ/mol
7
19th Energy Level
Not Available
124,270.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr
19
0.56 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV
22
3.50 eV
31
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
83
33
21
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
83
33
21
99+
Number of Neutrons
126
18
24
99+
Number of Electrons
83
33
21
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm
29
162.00 pm
26
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm
36
170.00 pm
25
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm
26
211.00 pm
25
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu
29
44.96 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol
14
15.00 cm3/mol
34
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)
99+
58.00 (-eV)
24
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm
2
330.90 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.59
7
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3
39
2.99 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3
18
2.80 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
91.30 (Pa)
3
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa
99+
29.10 GPa
24
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa
38
56.60 GPa
21
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa
99+
74.40 GPa
26
Poisson Ratio
0.33
11
0.28
18
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.79
30
2.99
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
6
Not Available
Susceptibility
0.00
6
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m
99+
562.00 nΩ·m
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol
11
18.10 kJ/mol
33
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.60 J/(kg K)
8
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K
37
25.52 J/mol·K
37
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K
99+
15.80 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
10.20 µm/(m·K)
39
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol
99+
314.20 kJ/mol
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol
33
14.10 kJ/mol
25
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol
99+
343.00 kJ/mol
28
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K
24
34.60 J/mol.K
99+
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