Zirconium Bismuth Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Zr
Bi
Group Number
4
14
15
3
Period Number
5
6
Block
d block
p block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440677
23
7440699
22
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
C12/m1
Space Group Number
194.00
5
12.00
12
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
- Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
Claude François Geoffroy
Discovery
In 1789
In 1753
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-6 %
13
7 * 10-8 %
25
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %
16
~0.000006 %
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
17
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
14
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
23
0.00 %
24
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
15
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
- Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
NA
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
21
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3
20
In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.
23
0.20 p.p.m.
22
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,852.00 °C
15
271.30 °C
99+
Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C
11
1,560.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
5.00
8
2.25
15
Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa
19
70.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa
15
Not Available
Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s
20
1,790.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Zr
Bi
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
24
15
33
6
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.33
30
2.02
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90
25
2.34
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22
26
1.67
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
2.15
4
Allen Electronegativity
1.32
34
2.01
4
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.67
24
1.98
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol
99+
703.00 kJ/mol
35
2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,610.00 kJ/mol
33
3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,466.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol
99+
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol
10
5,400.00 kJ/mol
30
6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol
15
8,520.00 kJ/mol
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr
99+
2.60 g/amp-hr
19
Electron Work Function
4.05 eV
26
4.22 eV
22
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
40
99+
83
33
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
40
99+
83
33
Number of Neutrons
51
99+
126
18
Number of Electrons
40
99+
83
33
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm
27
156.00 pm
29
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm
23
148.00 pm
36
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
207.00 pm
26
Atomic Weight
91.22 amu
99+
208.98 amu
29
Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol
36
21.30 cm3/mol
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)
18
41.90 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
323.20 pm
99+
667.40 pm
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59
8
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm3
99+
9.78 g/cm3
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3
99+
10.05 g/cm3
18
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa
12
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
21
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa
20
12.00 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa
17
31.00 GPa
38
Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa
22
32.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.34
10
0.33
11
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.51
99+
9.79
30
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
0.00 H/m
6
Susceptibility
Not Available
0.00
6
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m
11
1.29 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol
27
91.20 kJ/mol
11
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)
19
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K
99+
25.52 J/mol·K
37
Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K
99+
7.97 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)
99+
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol
9
151.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol
11
10.90 kJ/mol
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol
10
207.10 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K
39
56.70 J/mol.K
24
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