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Calcium vs Gold

Calcium
Gold
Gold vs Calcium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ca  
Au  
Group Number
2  
16
11  
7
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
s block  
d block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440702  
21
7440575  
31
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
2
225.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
  • It is found in the compound state.
  • Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy  
Unknown  
Discovery
In 1808  
Before 6000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-3 %  
3
6 * 10-8 %  
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.007 %  
4
~0.0000001 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
1.10 %  
4
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
5.00 %  
3
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
5
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Humans
1.40 %  
1
0.00 %  
18
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
  • Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3  
4
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
35
In Bone
170,000.00 p.p.m.  
1
0.02 p.p.m.  
30
Physical Properties
Melting Point
839.00 °C  
99+
1,064.43 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,484.00 °C  
99+
2,807.00 °C  
36
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Gold  
Luster
NA  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.75  
17
2.50  
14
Brinell Hardness
170.00 MPa  
99+
194.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available  
216.00 MPa  
31
Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s  
19
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available  
95.00 %  
2
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ca  
Au  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
19  
20
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.00  
99+
2.54  
1
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.95  
24
Not Available  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.04  
34
1.42  
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.08  
17
1.87  
7
Allen Electronegativity
1.03  
39
1.92  
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.00  
9
1.46  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
589.80 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
2nd Energy Level
1,145.40 kJ/mol  
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
3rd Energy Level
4,912.40 kJ/mol  
7
Not Available  
4th Energy Level
6,491.00 kJ/mol  
7
Not Available  
5th Energy Level
8,153.00 kJ/mol  
7
Not Available  
6th Energy Level
10,496.00 kJ/mol  
8
Not Available  
7th Energy level
12,270.00 kJ/mol  
12
Not Available  
8th Energy Level
14,206.00 kJ/mol  
15
Not Available  
9th Energy Level
18,191.00 kJ/mol  
12
Not Available  
10th Energy Level
20,385.00 kJ/mol  
16
Not Available  
11th Energy Level
57,110.00 kJ/mol  
3
Not Available  
12th Energy Level
63,410.00 kJ/mol  
3
Not Available  
13th Energy Level
70,110.00 kJ/mol  
3
Not Available  
14th Energy Level
78,890.00 kJ/mol  
4
Not Available  
15th Energy Level
86,310.00 kJ/mol  
5
Not Available  
16th Energy Level
94,000.00 kJ/mol  
6
Not Available  
17th Energy Level
104,900.00 kJ/mol  
7
Not Available  
18th Energy Level
111,711.00 kJ/mol  
8
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
2.45 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
2.87 eV  
38
5.10 eV  
4
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
20  
99+
79  
37
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 4s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
20  
99+
79  
37
Number of Neutrons
20  
99+
118  
23
Number of Electrons
20  
99+
79  
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
197.00 pm  
6
151.00 pm  
32
Covalent Radius
176.00 pm  
22
144.00 pm  
40
Van der Waals Radius
231.00 pm  
19
166.00 pm  
39
Atomic Weight
40.08 amu  
99+
196.97 amu  
33
Atomic Volume
29.90 cm3/mol  
7
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Potassium
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Scandium
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
29.00 (-eV)  
99+
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
558.84 pm  
9
407.82 pm  
21
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
1.61  
4
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.55 g/cm3  
99+
19.30 g/cm3  
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.38 g/cm3  
99+
17.31 g/cm3  
6
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
120.00 MPa  
15
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
25.50 (Pa)  
3
0.00 (Pa)  
23
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available  
67.00 (Pa)  
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
7.40 GPa  
99+
27.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
17.00 GPa  
99+
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
20.00 GPa  
99+
79.00 GPa  
24
Poisson Ratio
0.31  
13
0.40  
4
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
4.58  
99+
19.32  
8
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
33.60 nΩ·m  
99+
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.30 106/cm Ω  
6
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
Electron Affinity
2.37 kJ/mol  
39
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.63 J/(kg K)  
7
0.13 J/(kg K)  
39
Molar Heat Capacity
25.93 J/mol·K  
34
25.42 J/mol·K  
40
Thermal Conductivity
201.00 W/m·K  
5
318.00 W/m·K  
3
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
22.30 µm/(m·K)  
19
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
26
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
324.40 kJ/mol  
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.54 kJ/mol  
99+
12.55 kJ/mol  
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
184.00 kJ/mol  
99+
364.00 kJ/mol  
25
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K  
36
47.40 J/mol.K  
32
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