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Gold vs Calcium

Gold
Calcium
Calcium vs Gold


Periodic Table
Symbol
Au  
Ca  
Group Number
11  
7
2  
16
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440575  
31
7440702  
21
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
  • Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
  • It is found in the compound state.
  • Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Humphry Davy  
Discovery
Before 6000 BCE  
In 1808  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.01 %  
4
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.01 %  
4
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
1.10 %  
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
5.00 %  
3
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
5
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
21
1.40 %  
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
  • It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
  • Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
38
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3  
4
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.  
35
170,000.00 p.p.m.  
1
Physical
Melting Point
1,064.43 °C  
99+
839.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,807.00 °C  
37
1,484.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gold  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
1.75  
18
Brinell Hardness
194.00 MPa  
99+
170.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
216.00 MPa  
99+
170.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
3,810.00 m/s  
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
0.47  
99+
1.54  
35
Reflectivity
95.00 %  
2
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Au  
Ca  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
19  
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.54  
2
1.00  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.50  
18
0.95  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
1.04  
35
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.87  
15
1.08  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.92  
7
1.03  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.46  
99+
3.00  
9
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
589.80 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
1,145.40 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,856.00 kJ/mol  
33
4,912.40 kJ/mol  
7
4th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
6,491.00 kJ/mol  
15
5th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
6
8,153.00 kJ/mol  
11
6th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
24
10,496.00 kJ/mol  
14
7th Energy level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
12,270.00 kJ/mol  
12
8th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
20
14,206.00 kJ/mol  
15
9th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
20
18,191.00 kJ/mol  
12
10th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
20,385.00 kJ/mol  
16
11th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
19
57,110.00 kJ/mol  
3
12th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
39
63,410.00 kJ/mol  
9
13th Energy Level
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
14
70,110.00 kJ/mol  
3
14th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
78,890.00 kJ/mol  
4
15th Energy Level
89,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
86,310.00 kJ/mol  
11
16th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
94,000.00 kJ/mol  
6
17th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
25
104,900.00 kJ/mol  
7
18th Energy Level
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
14
111,711.00 kJ/mol  
8
19th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
23
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
13
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
35
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
11
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
38
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
6
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
890.00 kJ/mol  
5
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
4
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
7
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.45 g/amp-hr  
25
0.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.10 eV  
8
2.87 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
79  
37
20  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
[Ar] 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
79  
37
20  
99+
Number of Neutrons
118  
24
20  
99+
Number of Electrons
79  
37
20  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
34
197.00 pm  
8
Covalent Radius
144.00 pm  
99+
176.00 pm  
24
Van der Waals Radius
166.00 pm  
99+
231.00 pm  
23
Atomic Weight
196.97 amu  
33
40.08 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
29.90 cm3/mol  
10
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Platinum
  
Potassium
  
Next Element
Mercury
  
Scandium
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
29.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
407.82 pm  
24
558.84 pm  
10
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
18
1.55  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.30 g/cm3  
15
1.55 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.31 g/cm3  
16
1.38 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa  
27
20.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
6
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
25
25.50 (Pa)  
3
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
67.00 (Pa)  
4
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
34
7.40 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
17.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa  
26
20.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.40  
4
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.32  
17
4.58  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
9
Susceptibility
0.00  
22
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
33.60 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
0.30 106/cm Ω  
6
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
2.37 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.63 J/(kg K)  
7
Molar Heat Capacity
25.42 J/mol·K  
99+
25.93 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
318.00 W/m·K  
3
201.00 W/m·K  
5
Critical Temperature
1,337.00 K  
99+
1,115.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
29
22.30 µm/(m·K)  
20
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
324.40 kJ/mol  
99+
150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.55 kJ/mol  
33
8.54 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
364.00 kJ/mol  
34
184.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
47.40 J/mol.K  
99+
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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