Cesium vs Gallium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Cs
Ga
Group Number
1
17
13
5
Period Number
6
4
Block
s block
p block
Element Family
Alkali
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440462
40
7440553
32
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Cmca
Space Group Number
229.00
1
64.00
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available
- A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
- Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Discovery
In 1860
In 1875
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-8 %
24
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000008 %
20
~0.000004 %
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
38
0.00 %
16
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
35
0.00 %
24
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
17
0.00 %
22
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
17
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
- In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
- Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
- Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Mildly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
28
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
13
In Bone
0.05 p.p.m.
26
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
28.50 °C
99+
29.78 °C
99+
Boiling Point
678.40 °C
99+
2,403.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gold
Silvery White
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.20
25
1.50
18
Brinell Hardness
0.14 MPa
99+
56.80 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available
2,740.00 m/s
31
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cs
Ga
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
36
3
24
15
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.79
99+
1.81
15
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.22
33
2.42
2
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.86
99+
1.82
1
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.62
26
2.01
5
Allen Electronegativity
0.66
99+
1.76
14
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.21
2
2.19
39
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol
99+
578.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,234.30 kJ/mol
8
1,979.30 kJ/mol
13
3rd Energy Level
3,400.00 kJ/mol
16
2,963.00 kJ/mol
28
4th Energy Level
Not Available
6,180.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.96 g/amp-hr
3
0.87 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.14 eV
99+
4.20 eV
23
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
55
99+
31
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s1
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
55
99+
31
99+
Number of Neutrons
78
99+
39
99+
Number of Electrons
55
99+
31
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
265.00 pm
1
135.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
244.00 pm
2
122.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
343.00 pm
2
187.00 pm
32
Atomic Weight
132.91 amu
99+
69.72 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
71.07 cm3/mol
1
11.80 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
8.62 (-eV)
99+
69.70 (-eV)
19
Lattice Constant
614.10 pm
5
451.97 pm
18
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.93 g/cm3
99+
5.91 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.84 g/cm3
99+
6.10 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
15
Elasticity properties
Bulk Modulus
1.60 GPa
99+
Not Available
Young's Modulus
1.70 GPa
99+
9.80 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.47
1
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.87
99+
5.91
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
205.00 nΩ·m
17
270.00 nΩ·m
15
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω
35
0.07 106/cm Ω
29
Electron Affinity
45.50 kJ/mol
25
28.90 kJ/mol
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)
23
0.37 J/(kg K)
16
Molar Heat Capacity
32.21 J/mol·K
4
25.86 J/mol·K
35
Thermal Conductivity
35.90 W/m·K
36
40.60 W/m·K
34
Critical Temperature
1,938.00 K
5
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
97.00 µm/(m·K)
1
18.00 µm/(m·K)
24
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
65.90 kJ/mol
99+
256.10 kJ/mol
36
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.10 kJ/mol
99+
5.59 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
78.20 kJ/mol
99+
276.10 kJ/mol
39
Standard Molar Entropy
85.20 J/mol.K
3
40.80 J/mol.K
38
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