Cobalt vs Tin
Periodic Table
Symbol
Co
Sn
Group Number
9
9
14
4
Period Number
4
5
Block
d block
p block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440484
38
7440315
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
I41/amd
Space Group Number
194.00
5
141.00
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
- The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
- Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
- It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
Sources
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Georg Brandt
Unknown
Discovery
In 1732
Before 3500 BC
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %
9
4 * 10-7 %
20
Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %
9
~0.0000009 %
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.06 %
10
0.00 %
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
21
0.00 %
34
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
20
0.00 %
26
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
17
0.00 %
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
- Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
- Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Dentistry
Other Uses
Alloys
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3
18
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
10
In Bone
0.04 p.p.m.
27
1.40 p.p.m.
16
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,495.00 °C
29
231.90 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,870.00 °C
34
2,270.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
5.00
8
1.50
18
Brinell Hardness
470.00 MPa
26
50.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,043.00 MPa
11
Not Available
Speed of Sound
4,720.00 m/s
14
2,730.00 m/s
32
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
67.00 %
11
Not Available
Allotropes
Yes
Yes
α Allotropes
α-Cobalt
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
β Allotropes
β-Cobalt
White Tin (Beta Tin)
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Co
Sn
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
26
13
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.88
12
1.96
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.56
1
1.49
15
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.70
5
1.72
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
2.21
3
Allen Electronegativity
1.84
10
1.82
11
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.12
99+
2.04
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol
19
708.60 kJ/mol
33
2nd Energy Level
1,648.00 kJ/mol
31
1,411.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,232.00 kJ/mol
22
2,943.00 kJ/mol
30
4th Energy Level
4,950.00 kJ/mol
19
3,930.30 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
7,670.00 kJ/mol
12
7,456.00 kJ/mol
13
6th Energy Level
9,840.00 kJ/mol
12
Not Available
7th Energy level
12,440.00 kJ/mol
11
Not Available
8th Energy Level
15,230.00 kJ/mol
12
Not Available
9th Energy Level
17,959.00 kJ/mol
13
Not Available
10th Energy Level
26,570.00 kJ/mol
7
Not Available
11th Energy Level
29,400.00 kJ/mol
8
Not Available
12th Energy Level
32,400.00 kJ/mol
8
Not Available
13th Energy Level
36,600.00 kJ/mol
8
Not Available
14th Energy Level
39,700.00 kJ/mol
9
Not Available
15th Energy Level
42,800.00 kJ/mol
12
Not Available
16th Energy Level
49,396.00 kJ/mol
11
Not Available
17th Energy Level
52,737.00 kJ/mol
13
Not Available
18th Energy Level
134,810.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
19th Energy Level
145,170.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
20th Energy Level
154,700.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
21st Energy Level
167,400.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
22nd Energy Level
178,100.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
23rd Energy Level
189,300.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr
99+
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
5.00 eV
5
4.42 eV
16
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization
Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
22
99+
50
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Tetragonal (TETR)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
22
99+
50
99+
Number of Neutrons
26
99+
69
99+
Number of Electrons
22
99+
50
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
147.00 pm
34
140.00 pm
38
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm
30
139.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
217.00 pm
23
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu
99+
118.71 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol
99+
16.30 cm3/mol
32
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)
10
83.50 (-eV)
14
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm
99+
583.18 pm
7
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm3
99+
7.37 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm3
99+
6.99 g/cm3
34
Tensile Strength
434.00 MPa
9
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
17
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)
14
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa
17
18.00 GPa
36
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa
15
58.00 GPa
20
Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa
18
50.00 GPa
36
Poisson Ratio
0.32
12
0.36
8
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
4,500.00
1
7.31
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
Superconductor
Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m
12
115.00 nΩ·m
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.09 106/cm Ω
23
Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol
37
107.30 kJ/mol
8
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)
9
0.23 J/(kg K)
28
Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·K
99+
27.11 J/mol·K
20
Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K
99+
66.80 W/m·K
25
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)
99+
22.00 µm/(m·K)
20
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol
15
290.40 kJ/mol
32
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol
19
7.03 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol
15
301.30 kJ/mol
35
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
51.20 J/mol.K
29
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