Tin vs Cobalt
Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn
Co
Group Number
14
4
9
9
Period Number
5
4
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440315
99+
7440484
38
Space Group Name
I41/amd
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
141.00
7
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
- The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
- Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
- It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Georg Brandt
Discovery
Before 3500 BC
In 1732
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %
20
3 * 10-4 %
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %
19
~0.0004 %
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
24
0.06 %
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
34
0.00 %
21
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
26
0.00 %
20
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
13
0.00 %
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
- Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
- Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
- Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
NA
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
10
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3
18
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.
16
0.04 p.p.m.
27
Physical Properties
Melting Point
231.90 °C
99+
1,495.00 °C
29
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C
99+
2,870.00 °C
34
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gray
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
5.00
8
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa
99+
470.00 MPa
26
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
1,043.00 MPa
11
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s
32
4,720.00 m/s
14
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
67.00 %
11
Allotropes
Yes
Yes
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
α-Cobalt
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)
β-Cobalt
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sn
Co
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
26
13
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96
8
1.88
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49
15
2.56
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72
4
1.70
5
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21
3
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.82
11
1.84
10
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04
99+
2.12
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol
33
760.40 kJ/mol
19
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,648.00 kJ/mol
31
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol
30
3,232.00 kJ/mol
22
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol
99+
4,950.00 kJ/mol
19
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol
13
7,670.00 kJ/mol
12
6th Energy Level
Not Available
9,840.00 kJ/mol
12
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,440.00 kJ/mol
11
8th Energy Level
Not Available
15,230.00 kJ/mol
12
9th Energy Level
Not Available
17,959.00 kJ/mol
13
10th Energy Level
Not Available
26,570.00 kJ/mol
7
11th Energy Level
Not Available
29,400.00 kJ/mol
8
12th Energy Level
Not Available
32,400.00 kJ/mol
8
13th Energy Level
Not Available
36,600.00 kJ/mol
8
14th Energy Level
Not Available
39,700.00 kJ/mol
9
15th Energy Level
Not Available
42,800.00 kJ/mol
12
16th Energy Level
Not Available
49,396.00 kJ/mol
11
17th Energy Level
Not Available
52,737.00 kJ/mol
13
18th Energy Level
Not Available
134,810.00 kJ/mol
1
19th Energy Level
Not Available
145,170.00 kJ/mol
2
20th Energy Level
Not Available
154,700.00 kJ/mol
4
21st Energy Level
Not Available
167,400.00 kJ/mol
4
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
178,100.00 kJ/mol
3
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
189,300.00 kJ/mol
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV
16
5.00 eV
5
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
50
99+
22
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
50
99+
22
99+
Number of Neutrons
69
99+
26
99+
Number of Electrons
50
99+
22
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm
38
147.00 pm
34
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm
99+
160.00 pm
30
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm
23
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu
99+
47.87 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol
32
10.64 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)
14
95.20 (-eV)
10
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm
7
295.08 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3
99+
4.51 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3
34
4.11 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
434.00 MPa
9
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
17
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.98 (Pa)
14
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa
36
44.00 GPa
17
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa
20
110.00 GPa
15
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa
36
116.00 GPa
18
Poisson Ratio
0.36
8
0.32
12
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.31
99+
4,500.00
1
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m
28
420.00 nΩ·m
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω
23
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol
8
7.60 kJ/mol
37
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
28
0.52 J/(kg K)
9
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K
20
25.06 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K
25
21.90 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)
20
8.60 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol
32
429.00 kJ/mol
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol
99+
15.48 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol
35
468.60 kJ/mol
15
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K
29
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
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