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Tin vs Cobalt

Tin
Cobalt
Cobalt vs Tin


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn  
Co  
Group Number
14  
4
9  
9
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440315  
99+
7440484  
38
Space Group Name
I41/amd  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
141.00  
7
194.00  
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown  
Georg Brandt  
Discovery
Before 3500 BC  
In 1732  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %  
20
3 * 10-4 %  
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %  
19
~0.0004 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
24
0.06 %  
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
13
0.00 %  
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
NA  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3  
10
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3  
18
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.  
16
0.04 p.p.m.  
27
Physical Properties
Melting Point
231.90 °C  
99+
1,495.00 °C  
29
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C  
99+
2,870.00 °C  
34
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gray  
Luster
NA  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
18
5.00  
8
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa  
99+
470.00 MPa  
26
Vickers Hardness
Not Available  
1,043.00 MPa  
11
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s  
32
4,720.00 m/s  
14
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available  
67.00 %  
11
Allotropes
Yes  
Yes  
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)  
α-Cobalt  
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)  
β-Cobalt  
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sn  
Co  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96  
8
1.88  
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49  
15
2.56  
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72  
4
1.70  
5
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21  
3
Not Available  
Allen Electronegativity
1.82  
11
1.84  
10
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04  
99+
2.12  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
760.40 kJ/mol  
19
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,648.00 kJ/mol  
31
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol  
30
3,232.00 kJ/mol  
22
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol  
99+
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
19
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol  
13
7,670.00 kJ/mol  
12
6th Energy Level
Not Available  
9,840.00 kJ/mol  
12
7th Energy level
Not Available  
12,440.00 kJ/mol  
11
8th Energy Level
Not Available  
15,230.00 kJ/mol  
12
9th Energy Level
Not Available  
17,959.00 kJ/mol  
13
10th Energy Level
Not Available  
26,570.00 kJ/mol  
7
11th Energy Level
Not Available  
29,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
12th Energy Level
Not Available  
32,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
13th Energy Level
Not Available  
36,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
14th Energy Level
Not Available  
39,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
15th Energy Level
Not Available  
42,800.00 kJ/mol  
12
16th Energy Level
Not Available  
49,396.00 kJ/mol  
11
17th Energy Level
Not Available  
52,737.00 kJ/mol  
13
18th Energy Level
Not Available  
134,810.00 kJ/mol  
1
19th Energy Level
Not Available  
145,170.00 kJ/mol  
2
20th Energy Level
Not Available  
154,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
21st Energy Level
Not Available  
167,400.00 kJ/mol  
4
22nd Energy Level
Not Available  
178,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
23rd Energy Level
Not Available  
189,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV  
16
5.00 eV  
5
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
50  
99+
22  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2  
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
50  
99+
22  
99+
Number of Neutrons
69  
99+
26  
99+
Number of Electrons
50  
99+
22  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm  
38
147.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
160.00 pm  
30
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm  
23
200.00 pm  
28
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu  
99+
47.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol  
32
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Indium
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Cesium
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)  
14
95.20 (-eV)  
10
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm  
7
295.08 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3  
99+
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3  
34
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
434.00 MPa  
9
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
17
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available  
0.98 (Pa)  
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa  
36
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa  
20
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa  
36
116.00 GPa  
18
Poisson Ratio
0.36  
8
0.32  
12
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31  
99+
4,500.00  
1
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m  
28
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω  
23
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol  
8
7.60 kJ/mol  
37
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
28
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K  
20
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K  
25
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)  
20
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol  
32
429.00 kJ/mol  
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol  
99+
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol  
35
468.60 kJ/mol  
15
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K  
29
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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