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Copper
Copper

Cobalt
Cobalt



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Copper Cobalt Comparison

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Cu
Co
1.2 Group Number
119
Gadolinium Metal
0 17
1.3 Period Number
44
Lithium Metal
2 7
1.4 Block
d block
d block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74405087440484
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
1.8 Space Group Number
225.00194.00
Plutonium Metal
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Unknown
Georg Brandt
2.3.2 Discovery
In Middle East (9000 BCE)
In 1732
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-6 %3 * 10-4 %
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.00007 %~0.0004 %
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %0.06 %
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %0.00 %
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
1.01 Blood/mg dm-30.04 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium Metal
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
26.00 p.p.m.0.04 p.p.m.
Plutonium Metal
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,084.62 °C1,495.00 °C
Francium Metal
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C2,870.00 °C
Flerovium Metal
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Copper
Gray
4.3.3 Luster
NA
Metallic
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
3.005.00
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
235.00 MPa470.00 MPa
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
343.00 MPa1,043.00 MPa
Palladium Metal
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s4,720.00 m/s
Thallium Metal
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
90.00 %67.00 %
Molybdenum Metal
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
α-Cobalt
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
β-Cobalt
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Cu
Co
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
2926
Tennessine Metal
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.901.88
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
1.982.56
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.751.70
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.49NA
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
1.851.84
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.102.12
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol760.40 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,957.90 kJ/mol1,648.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
3,555.00 kJ/mol3,232.00 kJ/mol
Osmium Metal
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
5,536.00 kJ/mol4,950.00 kJ/mol
Thorium Metal
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol7,670.00 kJ/mol
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
9,900.00 kJ/mol9,840.00 kJ/mol
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
13,400.00 kJ/mol12,440.00 kJ/mol
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
16,000.00 kJ/mol15,230.00 kJ/mol
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
19,200.00 kJ/mol17,959.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
22,400.00 kJ/mol26,570.00 kJ/mol
Strontium Metal
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
25,600.00 kJ/mol29,400.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
35,600.00 kJ/mol32,400.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
38,700.00 kJ/mol36,600.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
42,000.00 kJ/mol39,700.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
46,700.00 kJ/mol42,800.00 kJ/mol
Manganese Metal
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
50,200.00 kJ/mol49,396.00 kJ/mol
Iron Metal
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
53,700.00 kJ/mol52,737.00 kJ/mol
Iron Metal
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
61,100.00 kJ/mol134,810.00 kJ/mol
Nickel Metal
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
64,702.00 kJ/mol145,170.00 kJ/mol
Zinc
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
163,700.00 kJ/mol154,700.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
174,100.00 kJ/mol167,400.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
184,900.00 kJ/mol178,100.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
198,800.00 kJ/mol189,300.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.19 g/amp-hr1.10 g/amp-hr
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
4.65 eV5.00 eV
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
2922
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
2922
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
3526
Lithium Metal
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
2922
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
128.00 pm147.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
132.00 pm160.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
140.00 pm200.00 pm
Zinc Metal
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
63.55 amu47.87 amu
Lithium Metal
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol10.64 cm3/mol
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
34.00 (-eV)95.20 (-eV)
Francium Metal
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
361.49 pm295.08 pm
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.96 g/cm34.51 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.02 g/cm34.11 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
NA434.00 MPa
Indium Metal
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.53 (Pa)NA
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NA0.98 (Pa)
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
48.00 GPa44.00 GPa
Potassium Metal
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
140.00 GPa110.00 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
120.00 GPa116.00 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
0.340.32
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
8.894,500.00
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
1.256629 * 10-6 H/mNA
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
-9.63 * 10-6NA
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Poor Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
16.78 nΩ·m420.00 nΩ·m
Thallium Metal
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.60 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol7.60 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.38 J/(kg K)0.52 J/(kg K)
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.44 J/mol·K25.06 J/mol·K
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
401.00 W/m·K21.90 W/m·K
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
16.50 µm/(m·K)8.60 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
283.70 kJ/mol429.00 kJ/mol
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
7.11 kJ/mol15.48 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
338.90 kJ/mol468.60 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
33.20 J/mol.K27.30 J/mol.K
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1