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Copper Terbium Comparison


Terbium Copper comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Cu   
Tb   

Group Number
11   
7
Not Available   

Period Number
4   
6   

Block
d block   
f block   

Element Family
Transition Metal   
Lanthanide   

CAS Number
7440508   
37
7440279   
99+

Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
P63/mmc   

Space Group Number
225.00   
2
194.00   
5

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
  • At times Terbium metal acts same as Calcium.
  • Terbium metal closely similar to Lanthanum metal.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Found with Other Rare Earth Metals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Unknown   
Carl Gustaf Mosander   

Discovery
In Middle East (9000 BCE)   
In 1842   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-6 %   
12
5 * 10-8 %   
27

Abundance In Sun
~0.00007 %   
12
~0.00000001 %   
29

Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %   
13
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
17
0.00 %   
40

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
8
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
9
Not Available   

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
  • Terbium salts are used in optical devices like laser devices.
  • Terbium’s alloy lengthens and shortens the magnetic field and this effect forms loudspeaker.
  

Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Low Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   

In Blood
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
8
Not Available   

In Bone
26.00 p.p.m.   
12
Not Available   

Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,084.62 °C   
40
1,356.00 °C   
33

Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C   
99+
3,123.00 °C   
29

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Copper   
Silvery White   

Luster
NA   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
3.00   
12
Not Available   

Brinell Hardness
235.00 MPa   
38
677.00 MPa   
17

Vickers Hardness
343.00 MPa   
28
863.00 MPa   
13

Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s   
19
2,620.00 m/s   
35

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
90.00 %   
3
Not Available   

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Cu   
Tb   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
29   
10
26   
13

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.90   
11
Not Available   

Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98   
9
Not Available   

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75   
3
1.10   
30

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.49   
14
Not Available   

Allen Electronegativity
1.85   
9
Not Available   

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.10   
99+
Not Available   

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol   
22
603.40 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,957.90 kJ/mol   
15
1,174.80 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
3,555.00 kJ/mol   
15
2,417.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
5,536.00 kJ/mol   
12
4,203.00 kJ/mol   
31

5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
Not Available   

6th Energy Level
9,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
Not Available   

7th Energy level
13,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
Not Available   

8th Energy Level
16,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
Not Available   

9th Energy Level
19,200.00 kJ/mol   
9
Not Available   

10th Energy Level
22,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
Not Available   

11th Energy Level
25,600.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   

12th Energy Level
35,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   

13th Energy Level
38,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   

14th Energy Level
42,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
Not Available   

15th Energy Level
46,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
Not Available   

16th Energy Level
50,200.00 kJ/mol   
10
Not Available   

17th Energy Level
53,700.00 kJ/mol   
12
Not Available   

18th Energy Level
61,100.00 kJ/mol   
10
Not Available   

19th Energy Level
64,702.00 kJ/mol   
11
Not Available   

20th Energy Level
163,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   

21st Energy Level
174,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   

22nd Energy Level
184,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   

23rd Energy Level
198,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.19 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.98 g/amp-hr   
31

Electron Work Function
4.65 eV   
11
3.00 eV   
36

Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
29   
99+
65   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s1   
[Xe] 4f9 6s2   

Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   

Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Terbium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
29   
99+
65   
99+

Number of Neutrons
35   
99+
94   
36

Number of Electrons
29   
99+
65   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
128.00 pm   
99+
177.00 pm   
17

Covalent Radius
132.00 pm   
99+
194.00 pm   
16

Van der Waals Radius
140.00 pm   
99+
221.00 pm   
22

Atomic Weight
63.55 amu   
99+
158.93 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
19.20 cm3/mol   
22

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Nickel
  
Gadolinium
  

Next Element
Zinc
  
Dysprosium
  

Valence Electron Potential
34.00 (-eV)   
99+
46.80 (-eV)   
33

Lattice Constant
361.49 pm   
35
360.10 pm   
36

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.58   
13

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
8.96 g/cm3   
99+
8.23 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.02 g/cm3   
27
7.65 g/cm3   
30

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
60.00 MPa   
17

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.53 (Pa)   
8
0.00 (Pa)   
29

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
12.50 (Pa)   
8

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
48.00 GPa   
15
22.10 GPa   
32

Bulk Modulus
140.00 GPa   
12
38.70 GPa   
33

Young's Modulus
120.00 GPa   
17
55.70 GPa   
34

Poisson Ratio
0.34   
10
0.26   
21

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
8.89   
34
8.23   
39

Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Permeability
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m   
5
Not Available   

Susceptibility
-9.63 * 10-6   
4
Not Available   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
16.78 nΩ·m   
99+
1.15 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.60 106/cm Ω   
2
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+

Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
50.00 kJ/mol   
21

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.38 J/(kg K)   
15
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33

Molar Heat Capacity
24.44 J/mol·K   
99+
28.91 J/mol·K   
9

Thermal Conductivity
401.00 W/m·K   
2
11.10 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
16.50 µm/(m·K)   
25
10.30 µm/(m·K)   
38

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
283.70 kJ/mol   
33
330.90 kJ/mol   
26

Enthalpy of Fusion
7.11 kJ/mol   
99+
10.80 kJ/mol   
34

Enthalpy of Atomization
338.90 kJ/mol   
29
314.00 kJ/mol   
33

Standard Molar Entropy
33.20 J/mol.K   
99+
73.20 J/mol.K   
10

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