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Copper vs Copper

Copper
Copper
Copper vs Copper


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cu   
Cu   
Group Number
11   
7
11   
7
Period Number
4   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440508   
37
7440508   
37
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals   
Found in Minerals   
History
  
  
Discovery
In Middle East (9000 BCE)   
In Middle East (9000 BCE)   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-6 %   
12
6 * 10-6 %   
12
Abundance In Sun
~0.00007 %   
12
~0.00007 %   
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %   
13
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
17
0.01 %   
17
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
8
0.00 %   
8
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
9
0.00 %   
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery   
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
8
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
8
In Bone
26.00 p.p.m.   
12
26.00 p.p.m.   
12
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,084.62 °C   
40
1,084.62 °C   
40
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C   
99+
2,562.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Copper   
Copper   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00   
12
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
235.00 MPa   
38
235.00 MPa   
38
Vickers Hardness
343.00 MPa   
28
343.00 MPa   
28
Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s   
19
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
90.00 %   
3
90.00 %   
3
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cu   
Cu   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29   
10
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90   
11
1.90   
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98   
9
1.98   
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75   
3
1.75   
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.49   
14
1.49   
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.85   
9
1.85   
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10   
99+
2.10   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol   
22
745.50 kJ/mol   
22
2nd Energy Level
1,957.90 kJ/mol   
15
1,957.90 kJ/mol   
15
3rd Energy Level
3,555.00 kJ/mol   
15
3,555.00 kJ/mol   
15
4th Energy Level
5,536.00 kJ/mol   
12
5,536.00 kJ/mol   
12
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
7,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
6th Energy Level
9,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
9,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
7th Energy level
13,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
13,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
8th Energy Level
16,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
16,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
9th Energy Level
19,200.00 kJ/mol   
9
19,200.00 kJ/mol   
9
10th Energy Level
22,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
22,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
11th Energy Level
25,600.00 kJ/mol   
13
25,600.00 kJ/mol   
13
12th Energy Level
35,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
35,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
13th Energy Level
38,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
38,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
14th Energy Level
42,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
42,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
15th Energy Level
46,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
46,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
16th Energy Level
50,200.00 kJ/mol   
10
50,200.00 kJ/mol   
10
17th Energy Level
53,700.00 kJ/mol   
12
53,700.00 kJ/mol   
12
18th Energy Level
61,100.00 kJ/mol   
10
61,100.00 kJ/mol   
10
19th Energy Level
64,702.00 kJ/mol   
11
64,702.00 kJ/mol   
11
20th Energy Level
163,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
163,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
21st Energy Level
174,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
174,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
22nd Energy Level
184,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
184,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
23rd Energy Level
198,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
198,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.19 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.19 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.65 eV   
11
4.65 eV   
11
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
29   
99+
29   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s1   
[Ar] 3d10 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
29   
99+
29   
99+
Number of Neutrons
35   
99+
35   
99+
Number of Electrons
29   
99+
29   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm   
99+
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm   
99+
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
140.00 pm   
99+
140.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
63.55 amu   
99+
63.55 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Nickel
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Zinc
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
34.00 (-eV)   
99+
34.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
361.49 pm   
35
361.49 pm   
35
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.96 g/cm3   
99+
8.96 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.02 g/cm3   
27
8.02 g/cm3   
27
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.53 (Pa)   
8
1.53 (Pa)   
8
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
48.00 GPa   
15
48.00 GPa   
15
Bulk Modulus
140.00 GPa   
12
140.00 GPa   
12
Young's Modulus
120.00 GPa   
17
120.00 GPa   
17
Poisson Ratio
0.34   
10
0.34   
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.89   
34
8.89   
34
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m   
5
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m   
5
Susceptibility
-9.63 * 10-6   
4
-9.63 * 10-6   
4
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
16.78 nΩ·m   
99+
16.78 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.60 106/cm Ω   
2
0.60 106/cm Ω   
2
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.38 J/(kg K)   
15
0.38 J/(kg K)   
15
Molar Heat Capacity
24.44 J/mol·K   
99+
24.44 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
401.00 W/m·K   
2
401.00 W/m·K   
2
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
16.50 µm/(m·K)   
25
16.50 µm/(m·K)   
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
283.70 kJ/mol   
33
283.70 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.11 kJ/mol   
99+
7.11 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
338.90 kJ/mol   
29
338.90 kJ/mol   
29
Standard Molar Entropy
33.20 J/mol.K   
99+
33.20 J/mol.K   
99+
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